Nucleic Acids

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Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA)

Phosphate + Deoxyribose Backbone and Nitrogenous Base (Double Stranded Helix)

Adenine Bonds with Thymine (Two Hydrogen Bonds), Guanine Bonds with Cytosine (Three Hydrogen Bonds)

Long Term Storage of Genetic Information

Ribonucleic Acid (RNA)

Phosphate + Ribose Backbone and Nitrogenous Base (Single Stranded)

Adenine Bonds with Uracil (Two Hydrogen Bonds. Uracil Replaces Thymine in RNA), Guanine Bonds with Cytosine (Three Hydrogen Bonds)

Functions

Transcribes and Translates DNA

Participates In Protein Synthesis

Nucleic Acids

Nucleic Acids Play a Large Role In The Food Chain and Transfer of Potential Energy

Monomers

Nucleotides

Phosphodiester Bonds (Bond Between Phosphate Group and Hydroxyl Group of the Next Nucleotide)

Nitrogenous Bases

Pyrimidines + Thymine, Cytosine, Uracil (Single Ring Structure)

Purines = Adenine, Guanine (Double Ring Structure)

Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate (cAMP)

A Second Messenger for Internal Signalling In The Cells

Phosphate Group + Ribose + Adenine + Hydroxyl

Dinucleotides

Coenzyme A (CoA)

Used to Move a Molecule to An Enzyme

Two Phosphate Groups + Ribose + Adenine + Phosphoadenosine Diphosphate + Pantothenic Acid + Beta Mercaptoethylamine

Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide

Two Phosphate Groups + Two Ribose Sugars + Adenine + Riboflavin)

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADP+)

Two Phosphate Groups + Two Ribose Sugar + Adenine + NADH Group

Used In Different Sets of Reactions That Remove Hydrogen (Ex. Cellular Respiration, Photosynthesis)

Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide (NAD+)

Two Phosphate Groups + Two Ribose Sugar + Adenine + Nicotinamide

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) is The Raw Form Of Energy

3 Phosphate Groups + Ribose Sugar + Adenine

Heterotrophs (Organisms That Need To Consume Their Energy Like Humans) Consume Their Energy, But Can Only get 5-20% of The Original Energy

Autotrophs (Organisms That Produce Their Own Energy Like Plants). Make Their Own ATP Using Sunlight