Psych Final Terms

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Psych Final Terms

REDI

Distributed Practice

Definition: practicing in small bursts over a long amount of time

Mnemonic: Tribute- you tribute a certain amount of time for a certain subject every day

Personal Example: studying psych every night for a week for 20 minutes

Retrieval Practice

trying to see what you actually remember when studying without looking at your notes

Trial, not having notes to go off of and having to know the situation

Learning/Memory

Variable Reinforcement

Definition: reinforced after an unpredictable number of behaviors, least effective way of getting someone to do something

Mnemonic: refishing- instead of reinforce

Personal Example: fishing, keep going all day and never get a fish, but may randomly get a fish

Negative Reinforcement

Definition: taking away something people don't like

Mnemonic: No give- don't give something when they do something right

Personal Example: behaving in class and not getting homework that night

Taking away something to punish a behavior, or taking an action in order to stop a "punishment"

Operant Conditioning

training through conditioning

video example: Pigeons playing ping pong


personal example: Ant, train an ant to pick up the crumbs in your room.

mn: operate conditions

Token Economy

Definition: reinforcing a good behavior to a child by giving them a reward

Mnemonic: nom, giving a child food/candy when they do something positive

Classical Conditioning

learning process that occurs when two stimuli (unconditioned stimulus and unconditioned response) are paired together repeatedly

Pavlov’s Dogs

Social Psychology

foot in the door

Asking for something small, then asking for something more after. Often times this will result in a person being more willing to do both favors.


ex. Hey mom can I go to the mall?
Yes
Can I Have 10 bucks to get food there?
yes

Subtopic

Learned Helplessness

Definition: convinced you cannot do something so you give up

Mnemonic: less- you think less of yourself because you cannot figure something out

Personal Example: I think I'm bad at math, so when I receive a test I don't try because I believe I'll fail anyway.

Stereotype Vulnerability

Definition: categories we put people in

Mnemonic: Bill- has to play with cars because he's a boy

Personal Example: a boy plays with cars but can't play with dolls

Social Identity

Reciprocity

-responding to a positive action with another positive action - you do something for me & I feel like I should do something for you

"city" - many people holding doors for each other

Social Loafing

When a person doesn't do their share of the work, causing a strong need for assigned roles.

Cognitive Dissonance

when someone says one thing but they mean another, someone’s actions don’t reflect their personality

"Diss" - you feel dissed when they do something hypocritical

Confirmation Bias

tendency to take information and interpret it in your favor

"firm" - firm in your own beliefs gun control: only reading articles that support your beliefs

Fundamental Attribution Theory

Definition: you attribute other people's behavior to internal states, such as their personality

Mnemonic: mental- it's about the person not the situation

Personal Example: when your friend is late, it's because they're always late and it's a part of their personality

Diffusion of Responsibility

Definition: someone is less likely to do something when there are more people around

Mnemonic: response- no one responds because they think someone else will

Personal Example: no one calls 911 because they assume someone else will

Deindividuation

lessening of personal identity & responsibility; anonymity of crowd (riot)

Protester's mother pulls son from crowd

Main topic

Displacement

Doing poorly on a test and then getting mad at your friend later for something trivial. Meant, didn’t mean it when you yelled at them

when your angry about something and you yell at someone else that is not involved.

Developmental Psychology

Post-Conventional Moral Thinking

focus on respecting yourself and your principles


ex. Politics, not letting other people change your opinion if it clashes with your own. Morals.

mnumanic: Vent, getting your feelings out there.

pst

Conventional Moral Thinking

- focus is on what others, including your family, might think or what society’s law says about the matter - double edged sword

"Convent" - cult, and other’s takes on it

Object Permanence

achieved in the preoperational stage, playing peek-a-boo with a child. Seeing something, then it’s covered and you know its still there is when it’s achieved

"Perm" - supposed to be permanent curls but it’s not if you wash it out.

Imaginary Audience

Definition: when you think everyone is watching you

Mnemonic: image- your self image is affected

Personal Example: being self-conscious when you do something embarrassing

Scaffolding

teachers help students move to new levels of understanding with just a little bit of help; climb the "academic ladder"

scaffolding on a building- climb the building

Personal Fable

Interaction with parents about how they haven’t been like you (son). “Dad I’m not you”

there has never been anyone like me, egocentrism

Toni Cotignola, Alanna Schwarz, Sarah Katz, Matt Maffa

BioPsychology

Corpus Callosum

Definition: connects the two halves of the cerebral hemisphere

Mnemonic: corpse- cut in half

Dopamine

-"feel good" neurotransmitter; control of movement and sensations of pleasure - increase levels: Schizophrenia - decrease levels: Parkinson's

Motivation

Intrinsic motivation

Your interests based on internal rewards, motivates someones behavior to increase because it is rewarding intrinsically

inter- within

Self Actualization

Definition: top of Maslow's Hierarchy of Need, morality, creativity, spontaneity, things that set you apart from other people

Mnemonic: zation/nation- individuality in a nation full of people

Mindset

you "set" yourself up to succeed or fail

- how you view yourself - fixed abilities: pessimistic, learned helplessness - changeable abilities: you don't understand it yet