Spanning Tree Protocol

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Spanning Tree Protocol

Types of STP:

MST

IST

Internal Spanning Tree

Multiple Spanning Tree

RPVST+

Rapid Per-VLAN Spanning Tree

802.1w RSTP

Port Types

point-to-point port

If on a shared media(half duplex)

Because multiple switches might be involved.

Must go through traditional 802.1D convergence

Root port

Edge port

No longer edge if BPDU received

Host Port

Differences

BPDUs sent from all switches

Discarding

Backup Port

Alternate Port

PVST+

Per-VLAN Spanning Tree Plus

Operates over both dot1Q and ISL

Interoperability betwen CST/PVST

PVST

Per-VLAN Spanning Tree

ISL Based

1 instance of STP per VLAN

CST

Common Spanning Tree

dot1Q based

Over the Native VLAN

1 instace of STP

802.1D Traditional STP

Timers

MaxAge (20 Seconds)

Forward Delay(15 Seconds)

Hello Time (2 Seconds)

Port States

Forwarding

Learning

Listening

Blocking

Disabled

Port Roles

Blocking Port

Designated Port

Root Port

Speeding up Convergence

BackboneFast

UplinkFast

Portfast

Protecting STP

Loss of BPDUs

UDLD

Works by sending keepalives

Unidirecitonal Link Detection

Loop Guard

Doesn't actually detect unidirecitonal links

With Loop Guard: Port Becomes Loop-inconsistent

W/O Loop Guard: Port Starts Forwarding

Simply detects loss of BPDUs

BPDU Filtering

Requires PortFast

Disables BPDUs on a port(Dangerous)