The concept of vowel sounds encompasses various categories and nuances in pronunciation. Long vowels are often marked by a silent vowel within the same syllable, exemplified by words like "
Short vowels usually stand alone within a syllable and are often followed by "double"consonants:ran,jet,cup,doll,kiss,tick,lamb,witch,fast,hint,punch.
CARDINAL VOWELS
For reference in points in terms of articulatoriy limits. This limit depends of the tongue position and its height.
Diphtongs
Are two vowels produced consecutively in the same syllable by moving articulators smothly form the position of one to the other.
MONOPHTHONGS
Sound of a single vowel.
ARTICULATION
Air stream
Articulator
Long vowels
Long vowels are usually (but not always) indicated by a second (silent) vowel in the same syllable:sheep,bait,heat,loaf,like,mice,tune,peace,juice,hoe,leave, jay,slow,pony.(Sometimes "y" and "w" can function as a second vowel.)