Water Scarcity

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Types of Pollution

от Surika Ranjitsingh

Secondary 1 Geography Chapter 3

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Factors Affecting Volume and Speed of River

от Loi Daniel Rabe

Aquatic animal

от Noor Saleha

Water Scarcity

Group C: Countries with vulnerable water supplies

Group C1: [insert country name]

China

Nice photo!!

Somewhat related picture

Fun Fact: There are more KFCs than McDonald's in China

Reasons for Vulnerability

Rapid Industrialisation

High Population Growth

Agricultural Uses

www.ifpri.org/divs/eptd/dp/papers/eptdp58.pdf

Monsoon Climate

Group A: Countries facing water scarcity

Group A2: [insert country name]

Israel

Man-made

Higher tandard of Living

Agriculture

Population Growth

Industrial

Natural Causes

Natural disasters

Worldwide Climate Change

Group D: Countries with adequate water supplies

NEW ZEALAND

Further reading

http://www.waternz.org.nz/

http://www.mfe.govt.nz/issues/water/freshwater/fresh-start-for-fresh-water/

REASONS

Policies

Fresh Start for Fresh Water 2011

Started a programme of further work that includes setting limits on water quality and quantity, and improvements to decision-making, water allocation, and land use management.

Reprioritised $15m over two years to set up a fresh water clean-up fund to assist councils with historic pollution problems

Established an irrigation fund ($35 million over five years) to support irrigation infrastructure proposals to an ‘investment-ready’ prospectus stage, and signalled a possible $400m further investment for developing successful proposals

Gazetted a National Policy Statement for Freshwater Management to set a consistent, nationwide regulatory framework for setting water quality and quantity limits to govern the allocation and use of fresh water

Multi-agency collaboration

Ministry for the Environment works closely with other agencies to support local government’s role, as well as provides national direction to achieve the sustainable use of New Zealand’s water resources

Sustainable water management --> E.g. Resource Management Act (1991)

Key piece of legislation governing the management of freshwater resources. Under the RMA, regional and unitary councils are responsible for making decisions on the allocation and use of water within their boundaries and for managing water quality

Physical Geography

Larger water catchment areas and higher number of freshwater reserves

Annual precipitation range: 650mm - 1500mm --> replenishes streams, rivers, lakes and groundwater

Population Dynamics

Low population density; more sheep than humans! :S

New Zealanders use about 160 litres of water per day; almost same amount as Singaporeans

Group B: Countries that are water stressed

Group B2: [insert country name]

India

Case study: North india water crisis

Water resources

Rivers

Ganges river

Indus river

Himalayan river

Groundwater

suppy 50% for urban uses

supply 80% for domestic uses

Surface runoff

rainfall

melting snow

Monsoon rain

Causes for water stress

Education and awarenes issues

Deforestation

Climate change

Lack of water management policies

Lack of water treatment plants

Industralisation

Massive urbanisation

Agriculture and irrigation

High Population growth

Tropical monsoon climate