Government and Politics

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Nationalism

Socialism

Karl Marx & Friedrich Engels

Neo-Marxism

Marxism

Revolutionary Socialism

The Economy

The State

Rosa Luxemburg

Beatrice Webb

Anthony Crossland

Anthony Giddens

Euro-communism

The Third Way

Marxism-Leninism (Orthodox Communism)

Social Democracy

Democratic Socialism

Revisionist

Utopian Socialism

Conservatism

One Nation Conservatism

Christian democracy

New Right conservatism

Micheal Oakeshott

Thomas Hobbes

Edmund Burke

Ayn Rand

Response to egalitarianism and fascism

Traditional Conservatism

The state

Robert Nozick

John Stuart Mill

Liberalism

Mary Wollstonecraft

John Locke

John Rawls

Classic liberalism

Transitional Liberalism

Social Liberalism

Modern Liberalism

Betty Friedan

Society

State

Economy

Human Nature

Neo-Liberalism

Amendments to the Constitution

The Amendments Process

Advantages of the Process

Constitiutionals conventions called by states ensure against veto being operate by congress

Gives an magnified voice to the smaller states

Ensures both federal & states government must favour the proposal

Lengthy & Complicated process makes it less likely to be amended on temporary issues

Super-majorities ensures against a small majorities imposes it will on a large minorities

An Amendment need to be ratified by either three-quarters of state legislatures or three-quarters of ratifying conventions

Only ever passed when proposed in congress (27) and almost always ratified by state legislatures (26)

An Amendment can be proposed by either two thirds of the House & Senate or by Legislatures in two-thirds of states calling for a national constitutional convention

Why has the Constitution been so rarely Amended

The Bill of Rights & Later amendments

Principles

Checks & Balances

Separation of Powers

Constitutional Rights

Comparing the UK and US Constitution

The Nature Of The Constitution

Entrenchment

The Application of extra legal safeguards to constitutional provisions to make it more difficulty to amend or abolish

A Blend of specificity & vagueness

Concurrent powers : Powers belonging to both state & federal

Reserved Powers : Powers that belong to the states

Implied Powers : Powers inferred from the Constitution

Delegated Power: power given to federal government

Other powers are very vague like the power of congress to 'provide for the common defense and general welfare of the United States'.

The Constitution is specific in regards to some powers like the power to collect taxes

A Codified Constitution

The American constitution consists of sevens articles which explain the relationship between the three branches of government & the various powers

A constitution that consists of a full and authoritative set of rules written down in a single text.

The Constitution

Federalism

Consequences Of Federalism

Regionalism

Economic Consequences

Consequences for Political Party

Consequences for Elections

Policy Consequences

Legal Consequences

Key Concepts

The Compromise

Limit Government

Phases of federalism

New Federalism

Under Barack Obama

Under George W. Bush

Regulated Federalism

Cooperative Federalism

Dual Federalism

The Changing federal-state relationship

Constitutional amendments

Supreme Court Justice

Foreign policy

The Great Depression

Improvement in communications

Industrialisation

Westward Expansion

UK Government and Politics

Politics

Democracy & Political participation

Democacy

Subtopic

What is Democracy?

Main topic