MAPA CONCEPTUAL EN INGLES, EVIDENCIA 1

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Finances

Sarbanes Act - Oxley

Reinforced

Monitoring of these controls

Establish an application guide

Establish internal controls in companies

The application of the report (COSO)

General purpose

Control activities at the corporate level

Improve corporate governance

Restore investor confidence

Some of the requirements that it demands are:

That the managers accompany the reports with a personal certification

Define new responsibilities and functions of the audit committee, which should have members independent of the administration.

Establish a new council, overseen by the SEC

Who is obliged to comply with this law?

All listed companies and their subsidiaries

Finality

Avoid fraud and bankruptcy risks, protecting the investor.

It arose due to fraud and other corporate crimes

Most renowned cases

WorldCom

Xerox

Enron

Also known as:

Act of Reform of public accounting of companies and investor protection (SOX, SarbOx)

It is a United States Act signed by President George Bush, on July 30, 2002

It is the law that regulates financial accounting and auditing functions and severely penalizes corporate and white-collar crime against all entities listed on the United States stock exchange.

Market types

Secondary

The transactions of purchase and sale of credit securities issued by companies and governments in the primary market are negotiated between investors.

Primary

In public issues, it is the company that receives the money that comes from the issuance of securities.

It is the company that receives the money that comes from the issuance of debt securities of companies and governments, issued through the stock market.

The shares or debt instruments of the companies are traded on the stock market.

Indicators of company value

Yield per share at market value

Yield per share at book value

Earnings per share

Net profit

Dividend theories

Signaling theory

It establishes that shareholders always expect dividends as a sign of the good performance of the company. Dividends are a priority that should not be neglected.

'' RESIDUAL THEORY OF DIVIDENDS ''

The profits generated in a period of operations must be allocated to projects whose profitability meets the expectations of the shareholders; if profits are still available, dividends must be shared among them.

Types of financial manager decisions

Dividend policy

Asset Management

Financing

Investment

Evolution of finance

2010

Sustainable development projects of organizations

The value of intangible assets

Risk management

Convergence of financial information

2000

Stakeholder participation

Use of information and communication technologies and the internet as marketing strategies

1990

Globalization of financial and commercial operations

Use of electronic funds transfer

Deregulation of financial institutions

1980

agency theory

inflation and interest rates

imperfecciones del mercado

Personal ISR connection with the company's ISR

1970

Financial markets

Option pricing model

Arbitrage pricing model

Possibility of negotiating debt and capital securities

1960

Portfolio theory

Marginal contribution of each asset to the overall risk of the company's portfolio.

1950

Capital budgeting, present value, time value of money function, asset management, analysis for decision making

1930

Defensive aspects

Reorganizations

Liquidations

Bankruptcy

1920

Capital market, consolidations and mergers, liquidity and financing

Field of action of finance

Corporate finance or financial management of companies.

Responsibilities of the financial manager

Relationship with financial markets

Coordination and control of operations

Administration of accounts receivable and cash

Investment decisions and financing of capital goods and inventories

Long-term planning and budgeting

Increasing importance of financial management

Create wealth for the shareholder

Physical person with business

Institutions and financial markets

They specialize in selling, buying, creating credit titles and securities.

Investments

How to make and how to manage an investment in financial assets.

Types of Assets

Financial

It constitutes the right to collect an account.

Real

Tangible asset, used to generate resources

Finance concept

Finance is the branch of economics that is related to the study of investment activities both in real assets and in financial assets and their administration