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Canadian government didn’t apologize until 1988, offering $21,000 to every survivor of the Japanese Internment
In 1949 – Gained right to vote, and allowed to live anywhere in Canada again
Japanese Canadians had to report to RCMP if they traveled more than 80km from home
Law passed to deport Japanese back to Japan
Wasn’t repealed until 1947, after 4000 had already left
Or they had to transfer to the East of the Rocky Mountains
After victory over Japan, federal gov’t wanted to evacuate all Japanese Canadians from B.C
Education in Camps
The internees organized elementary education among themselves
Local school boards refused to offer schooling to the internees' children
Internees paid for their own living expenses except for basic housing
In total there were around 22,000 Japanese-Canadians who were interned
All previously owned property taken by government and auctioned off
February 24, 1942, War Measures Act allowed
70 dangerous Japanese placed behind barbed wire
Those unwilling to go faced possibility of deportation to Japan
All Japanese rounded up, sent to: Internment camps in B.C., or sugar-beet farms in Albert, Manitoba, and Ontario, or POW (prisoner of war) camps
Gave federal gov’t power to intern all Japanese Canadians
January 1942, “protected” 100-mile strip along pacific coast created
All Japanese Canadian men between 18 and 45 were taken away
Japanese fish boats confined to port
Eventually 1200 vessels seized by Canadian Navy
Canadian Pacific Railway fired all Japanese workers
The B.C. government pleaded with the Federal Government to step in and stop the racial and violent problems in the province
There was fear by the B.C. government of open rioting and violence due to the growing fears of a Japanese take-over.
The white population in B.C. pressured the government to get rid of the Japanese living on the coast. Rumours of Japanese spies and communication with Japan mounted, violence against the Japanese in B.C. worsened, and protest by the population grew day by day.
In the weeks following Pearl Harbor some Japanese in Vancouver were victimized by scattered acts of violence. These activities intensified as time went on.
Many Canadians paid no attention to these facts– they decided that Japanese Canadians were dangerous
Report concluded no express security breach was implied by granting them citizenship
The RCMP conducted a sweeping review of possible security risks represented by Japanese citizens
14,000 of them had been born in Canada and were rightfully Canadian citizens.
When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 and 1600 Canadians at Hong Kong there was intense pressure for the government to investigate the approximately 22, 000 Japanese living in Canada
The Japanese community took over the fishing industry in British Columbia. They were better fisherman and other communities could not compete with them. This was seen as a take over ploy.
The population growth in the Japanese communities was far higher than white communities. This was seen as a threat because as the community kept growing, the more land they inhabited and the more business and network they would open
The white population saw the Japanese community with suspicion. They thought the Asians were trying to take over B.C. This fear prompted anti-Asian sentiments through discrimination, verbal abuse and even mob violence.
Japanese immigrants tended to pocket themselves into their own communities and did not interact with other nationality groups. They segregated themselves and did not assimilate into Canadian society. They kept to their traditions and did not assume Canadian traditions and qualities. This was seen as anti-Canadian
From the 1920's to the 1940's Japanese immigration to Canada dropped considerably. Between 1920 and 1940 approximately 5000 Japanese immigrated into Canada
From 1890 until WWI, almost 30,000 Japanese immigrants entered Canada. The great majority of them settled on the coast of British Columbia
For next three and a half years Canadian prisoner of war were crowded into barracks and forced into slave labour
When invasion ended, every Canadian soldier in Hong Kong had either been killed or captured by the Japanese
Christmas day 1941 Hong Kong officially surrendered
Canadians were outnumbered 10-1
Almost 30% of the Canadian Force had never fired a shot in rifle practice
were joined with Commonwealth defence force totalling no more than 14, 000 people including nurses and civilian volunteers
were positioned on the mainland and in charge of defending the island Hong Kong.
Had been planned for over a year- under the code name Hana-Saku
Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. on December 11, 1941
The U.S. declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941
Result
19 ships damaged, 10 of them sunk
The US Pacific fleet was out of action for 6 months
29 Japanese planes and 4 submarines were sunk
2400 service men and civilians were killed
349 aircraft were destroyed
1,100 men killed on the USS Arizona alone
9 battleships sunk or damaged, 4 beyond repair
used bombs, torpedoes, and machine guns to attack the ships first and then any target of opportunity
targeted battleship row, the naval air station on Ford Island
Two waves of attacking planes flew 230 miles from the north east
a completely unexpected direction
The Pacific fleet, based in Hawaii, was the most powerful Japanese rival in the pacific
destroying it would allow the Japanese an advantage
The USA had recently banned trade with Japan
On December 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked:
The U.S. territory in the Philippines and Malaya_(present-day Malaysia)
Hong Kong
Pearl Harbour, a US military base in Hawaii
Japan’s strategy was to strike quickly on various targets to gain a quick victory and demoralise the US
Japan knew any action they take could cause the United States to enter the war
With China weak and divided, Japan decided to expand its empire
War had been raging in Asia since 1937
Provided troops
German surrounded American troops
December 16, 1944
Luxembourg
Belgium
Ardennes
Nazi Germany
Germany shrunk
Canada grew bigger
It give Canada a better reputation
Victory cross was awarded
United States
Britain dependentor resources and supplies from Canada
Italy
Allies
2 Canadians won the Victory cross
Many improved in weapons and military
The battle first started on water then to land after went to air, and lastly went back to land again
France
Britain
U.S
Germans Attack (August 23, 1942)
took over the sky
Bombs down on multiple Volga ships
1st Canadian Army fought Germans force
took place in Southern region of the Netherlands
Canada was outnumbered
declares war on Japan 4 hours after the attack
Stop Japan later (Battle of Hong Kong)
U.S Japan
Japanese
Americans
23 were killed
First Military Campaign fought by air
groups
No.1 R.C.A.F. Squadron
No.242 Squadron
MK2 grenade
the first grenades in 1914 most of the time were hand-made
consisting of old cans filled with nails and bits of metal and packed with gunpowder
often were proved as dangerous to their makers as to their intended targets, due to the risk of premature explosion
motars
It can be used for against enemy positions such as:
gun pits, and other locations not protected by overhead cover.
trench lines
Flamethrower
It was used effectively against British positions to flush soldiers out of their trenches
Most flamethrower designs consisted of two tanks carried on a soldier’s back
other one with propellant gas
one filled with a flammable liquid
appeared as deadly sharpshooters in the trenches
Landmines
Landmines are typically used to disrupt or prevent the massed attack of tanks and/or infantry.
Machine guns
as the machine-gun, perhaps more than any other weapon, drove soldiers from the battlefield and into relatively safe trenches, dug-outs, and fortifications
At first, only the Germans appreciated the power of machine-guns when used on the defence from prepared positions with overlapping fields of fire
Rifles
Artillery rifles weren't as advanced as the weapons that the Germans had, But it was the only thing the Canadians had at that time
Sten guns
was a family of British submachine guns chambered in 9×19mm and used extensively by British and Commonwealth forces throughout World War II and the Korean War
it had a simple design, and very low production cost
88 guns
it was widely used by the German throughout the war, and it was one of the most recognized German weapons of that conflict
this was used in the battle of D-Day/ Invasion of Normandy
radar
radar was used in many battles of WWII
it was used to "see" for hundreds of miles, even at night
British and American scientists developed radar
sniper
develop into a refined practice of killing and gathering intelligence during Word War II.
Austrian sniper on the Eastern Front during World War II who was credited with 345 kills between 1943 and 1945.
Stuka dive bombers
Stuka dive bombers was used in the Battle of Stalingrad
it was used to bomb the Russians
Shock Groups
was in the Battle of Stalingrad
made the Allies won the battle
50-100 Russians
shoot Germans at night time
uses Grenades
Lancaster Bomber
was the workhorse of the British Bomber Command.
Canada
U-Boat
main purpose is to sneak up on Allied merchant ships & torpedo them,before they could reach Britain
U-Boat was the most important weapon used by the Germans
usually travelled on the ocean’s surface using diesel engines.
could remain underwater for about 12 hours in depths of up to 200 m.
P-51 Mustang
This new fighter plane was introduced in 1944 and designed as a long-range fighter.
carried 4 heavy machine guns in its wings as well as two 20 mm cannons that allowed it to defend the tightly-packed formations of bombers.
carried special fuel tanks that could be dropped once they were empty and its efficient engine allowed it to fly all the way to Germany and back.
During 1942 and 1943, the Allies tried to bomb German industry to slow down war production.
main problem
was that the bombing missions were so far away, that Allied fighter planes were unable to fly with the bombers and protect them over Germany.
The P-51 Mustang changed this.
Schmeisser MP-40 Submarine Gun
was effective in the highly mobile warfare typical of WWII
not heavy, and easy to carry
was especially effective when fighting in close quarters. Such as house to house fighting within city or town
was used by German ground soldiers
Germany
T-34 Tank
Was the best tank in World War II
its armour made it so effective
Steel, 50 mm thick, protected the tank crew of 4 from German Shells
more important was the sloped surface Armour design of the T-34
gave the T-34 a low profile which made it a more difficult target to hit.
caused many German tank shells to simply bounce off without doing any damage.
Played a large part in helping beat back the German invasion of Russia.
The size of the gun is determined by measuring the inside diameter of the gun barrel
was able to travel at 50 km/h and its 76 mm gun packed a powerful punch.
Russia
Akagi Aircraft Carrier
the surprise attack on Pearl Harbour by planes launched from Japan aircraft carriers. The Akagi was originally built as a cruiser but was converted in to an aircraft carrier in 1934.
it carried over fifty planes.
which included:
Recognisance planes
recognisance planes are used for finding and observing the enemy
Fighters planes which is also called the Zeros
this is used for protecting the carriers
Torpedo bombers
for sinking enemy ships
Japan
