Categorias: Todos - immigration - japan - war - strategy

por Sandy Guo 5 anos atrás

272

Protfolio #2

The document discusses significant events and groups that contributed to nation-building, focusing particularly on the impact of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and its broader implications during World War II.

Protfolio #2

NATION BUILDING: What people, ideas, and events have helped build our nation?

Minority Groups

Aftermath

Canadian government didn’t apologize until 1988, offering $21,000 to every survivor of the Japanese Internment

In 1949 – Gained right to vote, and allowed to live anywhere in Canada again

Japanese Canadians had to report to RCMP if they traveled more than 80km from home

Law passed to deport Japanese back to Japan

Wasn’t repealed until 1947, after 4000 had already left

Or they had to transfer to the East of the Rocky Mountains

After victory over Japan, federal gov’t wanted to evacuate all Japanese Canadians from B.C

Internees

Education in Camps

The internees organized elementary education among themselves

Local school boards refused to offer schooling to the internees' children

Internees paid for their own living expenses except for basic housing

In total there were around 22,000 Japanese-Canadians who were interned

Pearl Harbor and the impact on Canadian Japanese

All previously owned property taken by government and auctioned off

February 24, 1942, War Measures Act allowed

70 dangerous Japanese placed behind barbed wire

Those unwilling to go faced possibility of deportation to Japan

All Japanese rounded up, sent to: Internment camps in B.C., or sugar-beet farms in Albert, Manitoba, and Ontario, or POW (prisoner of war) camps

Gave federal gov’t power to intern all Japanese Canadians

January 1942, “protected” 100-mile strip along pacific coast created

All Japanese Canadian men between 18 and 45 were taken away

Japanese fish boats confined to port

Eventually 1200 vessels seized by Canadian Navy

Canadian Pacific Railway fired all Japanese workers

The B.C. government pleaded with the Federal Government to step in and stop the racial and violent problems in the province

There was fear by the B.C. government of open rioting and violence due to the growing fears of a Japanese take-over.

The white population in B.C. pressured the government to get rid of the Japanese living on the coast. Rumours of Japanese spies and communication with Japan mounted, violence against the Japanese in B.C. worsened, and protest by the population grew day by day.

In the weeks following Pearl Harbor some Japanese in Vancouver were victimized by scattered acts of violence. These activities intensified as time went on.

Many Canadians paid no attention to these facts– they decided that Japanese Canadians were dangerous

Report concluded no express security breach was implied by granting them citizenship

The RCMP conducted a sweeping review of possible security risks represented by Japanese citizens

14,000 of them had been born in Canada and were rightfully Canadian citizens.

When Japan attacked Pearl Harbor in 1941 and 1600 Canadians at Hong Kong there was intense pressure for the government to investigate the approximately 22, 000 Japanese living in Canada

Before the war

The Japanese community took over the fishing industry in British Columbia. They were better fisherman and other communities could not compete with them. This was seen as a take over ploy.

The population growth in the Japanese communities was far higher than white communities. This was seen as a threat because as the community kept growing, the more land they inhabited and the more business and network they would open

The white population saw the Japanese community with suspicion. They thought the Asians were trying to take over B.C. This fear prompted anti-Asian sentiments through discrimination, verbal abuse and even mob violence.

Japanese immigrants tended to pocket themselves into their own communities and did not interact with other nationality groups. They segregated themselves and did not assimilate into Canadian society. They kept to their traditions and did not assume Canadian traditions and qualities. This was seen as anti-Canadian

From the 1920's to the 1940's Japanese immigration to Canada dropped considerably. Between 1920 and 1940 approximately 5000 Japanese immigrated into Canada

From 1890 until WWI, almost 30,000 Japanese immigrants entered Canada. The great majority of them settled on the coast of British Columbia

For next three and a half years Canadian prisoner of war were crowded into barracks and forced into slave labour

When invasion ended, every Canadian soldier in Hong Kong had either been killed or captured by the Japanese

Christmas day 1941 Hong Kong officially surrendered

Canadians were outnumbered 10-1

Almost 30% of the Canadian Force had never fired a shot in rifle practice

were joined with Commonwealth defence force totalling no more than 14, 000 people including nurses and civilian volunteers

were positioned on the mainland and in charge of defending the island Hong Kong.

Had been planned for over a year- under the code name Hana-Saku

Germany and Italy declared war on the U.S. on December 11, 1941

The U.S. declared war on Japan on December 8, 1941

Result

19 ships damaged, 10 of them sunk

The US Pacific fleet was out of action for 6 months

29 Japanese planes and 4 submarines were sunk

2400 service men and civilians were killed

349 aircraft were destroyed

1,100 men killed on the USS Arizona alone

9 battleships sunk or damaged, 4 beyond repair

used bombs, torpedoes, and machine guns to attack the ships first and then any target of opportunity

targeted battleship row, the naval air station on Ford Island

Two waves of attacking planes flew 230 miles from the north east

a completely unexpected direction

The Pacific fleet, based in Hawaii, was the most powerful Japanese rival in the pacific

destroying it would allow the Japanese an advantage

The USA had recently banned trade with Japan

The War in the Pacific

On December 7, 1941 the Japanese attacked:

The U.S. territory in the Philippines and Malaya_(present-day Malaysia)

Hong Kong

Pearl Harbour, a US military base in Hawaii

Japan’s strategy was to strike quickly on various targets to gain a quick victory and demoralise the US

Japan knew any action they take could cause the United States to enter the war

With China weak and divided, Japan decided to expand its empire

War had been raging in Asia since 1937

Role in the world

Battle of the Bulge
Canadians didn't really involved in this battle

Provided troops

Malmedy Massacre
Attack in the center

German surrounded American troops

Germany assault on the Ardennes

December 16, 1944

Took place in 4 different places

Luxembourg

Belgium

Ardennes

Happened on December 16,1944-July 25,1945

Nazi Germany

Battle of the Atlantic
Allied win

Germany shrunk

Canada grew bigger

It give Canada a better reputation

Victory cross was awarded

Canada was important

United States

Britain dependentor resources and supplies from Canada

U.S. joins the war on July 17,1941
Took place in northern reigion of the Atlantic Ocean
Groups involved

Italy

Allies

Dieppe Raid
Canadians played a huge role

2 Canadians won the Victory cross

Many improved in weapons and military

Took place in Dieppe, France

The battle first started on water then to land after went to air, and lastly went back to land again

groups involved

France

Britain

U.S

Battle of Stalingrad
led Germany great shame
this battle was a turning point in war
Victory for Allies
Canadians had not much involvement
July 7th 1942 started, ended on February 2nd 1943
Hitler wants fame and power

Germans Attack (August 23, 1942)

took over the sky

Bombs down on multiple Volga ships

Liberation of Netherlands
7600 Canadians died

1st Canadian Army fought Germans force

1944-1945

took place in Southern region of the Netherlands

Invasion of Hong Kong/Battle of Hong Kong
290 Canadians were killed during this battle

Canada was outnumbered

First battle as Canadians shown as a strong army
Pearl Harbour
U.S declares war
Canada has no direct involvement

declares war on Japan 4 hours after the attack

Stop Japan later (Battle of Hong Kong)

Germany invaded USSR
involved

U.S Japan

Japanese

Americans

Battle of Britain
it was Hitler's first defeat
more than 100 Canadians participanted

23 were killed

First Military Campaign fought by air

groups

No.1 R.C.A.F. Squadron

No.242 Squadron

Technology

WWII
Also some old weapons from WWI was used in WWII

MK2 grenade

the first grenades in 1914 most of the time were hand-made

consisting of old cans filled with nails and bits of metal and packed with gunpowder

often were proved as dangerous to their makers as to their intended targets, due to the risk of premature explosion

motars

It can be used for against enemy positions such as:

gun pits, and other locations not protected by overhead cover.

trench lines

Flamethrower

It was used effectively against British positions to flush soldiers out of their trenches

Most flamethrower designs consisted of two tanks carried on a soldier’s back

other one with propellant gas

one filled with a flammable liquid

appeared as deadly sharpshooters in the trenches

Landmines

Landmines are typically used to disrupt or prevent the massed attack of tanks and/or infantry.

Machine guns

as the machine-gun, perhaps more than any other weapon, drove soldiers from the battlefield and into relatively safe trenches, dug-outs, and fortifications

At first, only the Germans appreciated the power of machine-guns when used on the defence from prepared positions with overlapping fields of fire

Rifles

Artillery rifles weren't as advanced as the weapons that the Germans had, But it was the only thing the Canadians had at that time

there were many new weapons during WWII

Sten guns

was a family of British submachine guns chambered in 9×19mm and used extensively by British and Commonwealth forces throughout World War II and the Korean War

it had a simple design, and very low production cost

88 guns

it was widely used by the German throughout the war, and it was one of the most recognized German weapons of that conflict

this was used in the battle of D-Day/ Invasion of Normandy

radar

radar was used in many battles of WWII

it was used to "see" for hundreds of miles, even at night

British and American scientists developed radar

sniper

develop into a refined practice of killing and gathering intelligence during Word War II.

Austrian sniper on the Eastern Front during World War II who was credited with 345 kills between 1943 and 1945.

Stuka dive bombers

Stuka dive bombers was used in the Battle of Stalingrad

it was used to bomb the Russians

Shock Groups

was in the Battle of Stalingrad

made the Allies won the battle

50-100 Russians

shoot Germans at night time

uses Grenades

Lancaster Bomber

was the workhorse of the British Bomber Command.

Canada

U-Boat

main purpose is to sneak up on Allied merchant ships & torpedo them,before they could reach Britain

U-Boat was the most important weapon used by the Germans

usually travelled on the ocean’s surface using diesel engines.

could remain underwater for about 12 hours in depths of up to 200 m.

P-51 Mustang

This new fighter plane was introduced in 1944 and designed as a long-range fighter.

carried 4 heavy machine guns in its wings as well as two 20 mm cannons that allowed it to defend the tightly-packed formations of bombers.

carried special fuel tanks that could be dropped once they were empty and its efficient engine allowed it to fly all the way to Germany and back.

During 1942 and 1943, the Allies tried to bomb German industry to slow down war production.

main problem

was that the bombing missions were so far away, that Allied fighter planes were unable to fly with the bombers and protect them over Germany.

The P-51 Mustang changed this.

Schmeisser MP-40 Submarine Gun

was effective in the highly mobile warfare typical of WWII

not heavy, and easy to carry

was especially effective when fighting in close quarters. Such as house to house fighting within city or town

was used by German ground soldiers

Germany

T-34 Tank

Was the best tank in World War II

its armour made it so effective

Steel, 50 mm thick, protected the tank crew of 4 from German Shells

more important was the sloped surface Armour design of the T-34

gave the T-34 a low profile which made it a more difficult target to hit.

caused many German tank shells to simply bounce off without doing any damage.

Played a large part in helping beat back the German invasion of Russia.

The size of the gun is determined by measuring the inside diameter of the gun barrel

was able to travel at 50 km/h and its 76 mm gun packed a powerful punch.

Russia

Akagi Aircraft Carrier

the surprise attack on Pearl Harbour by planes launched from Japan aircraft carriers. The Akagi was originally built as a cruiser but was converted in to an aircraft carrier in 1934.

it carried over fifty planes.

which included:

Recognisance planes

recognisance planes are used for finding and observing the enemy

Fighters planes which is also called the Zeros

this is used for protecting the carriers

Torpedo bombers

for sinking enemy ships

Japan