In the 2015-16 school year, approximately 27,000 students in the U.S. were diagnosed with visual impairments, which can range from partial sight to total blindness and significantly affect educational performance.
According to the National Center for
Education Statistics, in the 2015-16 school year, about 27,000 students in the US had a visual impairment
Organize classroom for students to maneuver around classroom safely,
provide opportunities for students to learn using other senses more often than not: touch and hearing.
A visual impairment that negatively impacts a student's educational performance. Include both partial sight and total blindness
Traumatic Brain Injury
https://www.biausa.org/brain-injury
According to the CDC, around 62,000 children a year in the US sustain brain injuries.
Give students extra time to finish tests
and assignments, keep directions simple and direct
Any functional disability or psychological impairment due to a brain injury that may impact a student's educational performance. Can impair cognition, attention, memory, motor abilities, psychosocial behavior, speech, etc. Does not include brain injury due to birth defects or genetics.
The National Institutes of Health found in 2016 that 1 in 12 children aged 3-17 in the US had an impairment due to speech or language.
Allowing students to communicate at
their pace and in their own way without rushing or belittling
Can include any of the following: communication disorder such as stuttering, difficulty pronouncing certain sounds, difficulty speaking specific to voice impairment due to injury of throat or mouth.
The National Center for Learning Disabilities reported that 2.4 million students in the US in 2011 had a specific learning disability
The teacher presents information in
differentiated ways to help focus on a students strengths and to help the student with work through their impairment
Impairments due to psychological process that impact the ability to read, write, listen, speak, or perform math. Does not include impairments due to visual, hearing, or physical disabilities.
Other Health Impairment
https://www.naset.org/index.php?id=2278
The US department of Education
reported in 2004 that 449,093 students
in the US were classified under Other Health Impairment
Communication with the student, student's parents, and school nurse should be simple and direct so that the student gets the resources needed to function in the classroom
those that have limited abilities in strength and/or reaction to what happens in an educational setting because of health issues including but not limited to ADHD, diabetes, epilepsy, heart condition Tourette syndrome, etc. that may negatively impact the child’s academic abilities
The National Center for Educational Statistics suggests 65,000 students in the US in 2011 received services for orthopedic impairment
Organize environment for student to
gain easy access to and around the classroom. In a physical education setting: adapting the activity according to their needs and physical abilities.
Physical impairments due to birth defects,
disease, or injury. Include, but not limited to: amputations, burns, bone fractures, cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy etc.
According to the National Center for
Education Statistics, in the 2015-16 school year, about 131,000 students had multiple disabilities
Strategies in each category work in this
instance.
Students whose needs are categorized under multiple categories of impairment. Can be any combination of the other categories under IDEA when the student is disabled in more than one category
Hearing Impairment
https://www.mydeafchild.org/resources
According to the National Center for
Education Statistics, in the 2015-16 school year, about 75,000 students in the US had some sort of hearing impairment
Integration of visual learning and
use of American Sign Language when necessary
Hearing impairments that can result in some or total loss of hearing
According to the National Center for
Education Statistics, in the 2015-16 school year, about 347,000 students in the US were categorized in the emotional disturbance category
Working with psychological professionals to help students and teachers better understand the struggles of those within this category
generally those health issues that are deemed mental health issues like anxiety, depression, eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder , etc. when the condition impacts educational performance or psychosocial behavior
According to the Special Olympics, about 6.5 million people in the US have an intellectual disability
Organizing tasks into small steps, allowing for a self-determined pace and frequent opportunities for breaks
A lower than average level of intellectual functioning while also failing to show adaptive behavior. Can include Down Syndrome and Fragile X syndrome. An IQ below the range of 70-75.
Deaf-blindness
https://nationaldb.org/
The National Center on Deaf-Blindness
estimated in 2008 that there were over 10,000 children between birth and 22 in the US with deaf-blindness
Touch is the most effective way of communication and learning for these individuals, for those that have some vision and ASL can be used for communication, for those with little to no vision: braille books and writings. Strategies all depend on each student's needs and abilities within the realm of their hearing or sight.
Both hearing and vision
disability, severe communication
breakdown due to both senses impaired
that their needs cannot be met by resources
just for the blind or just for the deaf, ranges from those that have a small amount of impairment in both to complete loss of both hearing and vision.
Developmental delay
https://www.parentcenterhub.org/dd/
Organizing the classroom environment according to the students specific needs
Students with a delay in physical development, cognitive development, communication development, social or emotional development, or adaptive development
Autism
Resource
https://www.autismspeaks.org/
Prevalence of Diagnosis
In 2018, the CDC updated to 1 in 59 children in US are on the autism spectrum
Classroom Strategies
Give directions one step at a time,
communicate in simple and direct
language, adjust lessons to pique student's
certain interests
Characteristics
Lowered ability to non-verbally
and verbally communicate, resistance to
change or change in routine, unusual responses to sensory stimuli, lack of social
interaction, difficulty following directions, heavy focus on one particular topic, disruptive behavior.
