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correlation
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observation
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survey
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experimental
作者:
ibrahim khafagy
15 年以前
245
5 techniques
Various research methods have distinct strengths and weaknesses. Case studies offer in-depth analysis and are advantageous when experiments are impractical, but they may not reflect general populations and are purely descriptive.
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5 techniques
Correlations
Example: Wolves, moose and tree ring width
Disadvantages: no causation proof
relation determination
Fairly accurate
prediction
non-experimentalstatisticalrelation between variablessummarizingdescriptive
Experimental
Example: How birds remember where they stash their seeds.
The studies are done in the highly controlled artificial conditions of the laboratory, that doesn’t reflect the reality.
Used when it is practical and ethical only.
Advantages
Used when it is appropriate, both practically and ethically, to manipulate the variables.
Detect cause-and-effect relationships.
researcher operates the “independent variable,” to see if it causes any changes in the “dependent variable.”
Case Study
Disadvantages
Subtopic
may not be representative of the general group or population
descriptive method, not an explanatory one
Adv.: useful when researchers can not conduct experiment
Ex.: a person's medical record
in-depth records kept by outside observer
nonexperimental, descriptive type of study
Naturalistic Observation
DisAdvantages
the problemof observing without intervening
things can only be observed not explained
takes a lot of time
Adv.: allows researcher to observe in setting where it normally occurs
ex. observing volcanic eruption
no human intervention
researcher observes/records behavior in nature setting.
Survery
DisAdv.: relies on a self-report method of data collection
Adv.: collecting data on aspects of behavior
self-report
descriptive study
choice questions (e.g. True-False) or open-ended questions (e.g. short answer essay)
no involvement from researcher