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CCNA

Operation of Data Networking

Subnetting

CISCO Products

Cisco Catalyst 6500

CISCO Stackwise

Multichassis EtherChannels (MEC)

Virtual Switching System (VSS)

Cabling

Straight vs Cross

Cross: PC <-> Router, Switch <-> Hub

Straight: Router <-> Switch, Router <-> Hub

Straight: PC <-> Switch, PC <-> Hub

Hub: TX3, TX6, RX1, RX2

Switch: TX3, TX6, RX1, RX2

Router: TX1, TX2, RX3, RX6

PC: TX1, TX2, RX3, RX6

Type

Fiber

10GBase-LR Little Connector

1000Base-LX Single-Mode 5KM / Multi-Mode 550M

1000Base-SC Square Connector Multi-Mode 220M ~ 500M

Each Cable needs a GBIC or SFP

Fiber Cleaver

UTP

Cat-5 UTP 100Base-TX

Cat-5e UTP 100Base-TX

Cat-6a UTP 10GBase-TX

Cat-6 UTP 1000Base-TX

802.3

48 Bits / 24 bits OUI + 24 bits Vendor Assigned

MAC Address / Physical Address

Switching Method

Cut-Through

Store-and-Forward

Collision & Broadcast

Full / Half Duplex

Excessive Collision

Late Collision

After 64 Bytes / 512 bits

Duplex Mismatch

CSMA/CD

Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection.

Router

N Collision Domain N Broadcast Domain

Switch

N Collision Domain 1 Broadcast Domain

Hub

1 Collision Domain 1 Broadcast Domain

OSI

TCP Window Size

Jimbo Frame MTU 9000 Bytes

Default MTU 1500 Bytes

Encapsulation & Decapsulation

Layer 2 Data -> Frame

Layer 3 Data -> Packet

Layer 4 Data -> Segment

1 to 7 - De-encapsulation

7 to 1 - Encapsulation

TCP

Total: 20 Bytes

Acknowledge Number

Sequence No

80 Bytes

Uses a lower transmission to ensure RELIABILITY

Transmit Packet as stream

Send Transmission in sequence

Telnet

POP3

SMTP

FTP

HTTP

UDP

Header

CheckSum

Length

Destination Port

Source Port

8 Bytes

Characteristics

Higher Transmission Rate to support latency-sensitive application

8 byte header

Transmits Packets Individually

Protocol

VoIP

DNS

DHCP

IP

Source & Destination IP Address

QoS

Header: 20 Bytes

7 Layer

1 Physical

2 Data Link

Data 48-1500 Bytes

Type/Length 2 bytes

SA MAC 8 Bytes

DA MAC 8 Bytes

Premable 8 Bytes

FCS 4 Bytes

Encapsulated to become FRAME

3 Network

Encapsulated with IP

Encapsulatd to become PACKET

4 Transport

Encapsulated with TCP/UDP

Subtopic

Encapsulated to become SEGMENT

5 Session

6 Presentation

7 Application