类别 全部 - memory - cognitive - metacognitive - compensation

作者:Amara Yh 9 年以前

263

Classifications of Language Learning Strategies

Various language learning strategies are essential for effective acquisition and utilization of a new language. These strategies are broadly categorized into metacognitive, socio-affective, cognitive, memory, compensation, and communication strategies.

Classifications of Language Learning Strategies

Classifications of Language Learning Strategies

O'Malley (1985)

Socio-affective strategies
Questioning/Requesting Clarification
Co-operating
Cognitive Strategies
Inferencing
Transfer
Elaboratin
Contextualisation
Key word
Auditory representation
Imagery
Recombination
Deduction
Note taking
Grouping
Translation
Resourcing
Repetition
Metacognitive Strategies
self-evaluation
delayed production
self-monitoring
functional planning
self-management
selective attention
directed attention
advance organizers

Rubin (1987)

Social Strategies
Communication Strategies
Using linguistic or communicative knowledge to remain in conversation
Learning strategies
Metacognitive Learning Strategies

Self-management

Setting goals

Prioritising

Planning

Cognitive Learning Strategies

Monitoring

Memorisation

Practice

Deductive Reasoning

Guessing/ Inductive Inferencing

Clarification/ Verification

Oxford (1990)

Indirect
Social

empathizing with others

Co-operating with others

Asking questions

Affective

Taking emotional temperature

Encouraging oneself

Lowering anxiety

Metacognitive

Grabbing opportunities for language practice

Self evaluating

Self monitoring

Planning language task

Setting goals and objectives

Organising

Delaying speech production

Paying attention

Overviewing and linking with known material

Direct
Compensation

Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing

Guessing intelligently

Cognitive

Creating structure for input and output

Analysing and reasoning

Receiving and sending messages

Practising

Memory

Employing actions

Reviewing well

Applying images and sounds

Creating mental linkages