Lecture 3 Emma Dunn + Olivia Bondy

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Lecture 3 Emma Dunn + Olivia Bondy

Physical Brain

Cerebral Cortex

Parietal

Primary function is spatial awarenesss and oreintation

Temperal

Primary function is to process auditory information

Frontal

Primary function is impulse controls and executive functions

Occipital

Primary function is to process vision information

The Hind Brain

Brain Stem

Cerebellum

Help coordinate movement and balanced

Midbrain

Processes vision, hearing and eye movement

Pons

Responsible for motor control and sensory analysis

Medulla Oblongata

Responsible for basic functions of body like heartbeat

Limbic System

Hippocampus

Holds long term memories

Amydgala

Considered as the brains alarm system and plays a role in emotional regulation

Hypothalamus

Controls functions of body like eating and drinking, as well as it plays a key role in your fight-or-flight reflexes

Thalamus

Information goes into the thallus and from there decides where to send it next

Neuroimaging Techniques

fMRI

Subtopic

Looks at the blood flow in the brain to show the activity

Stands for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging

PET

Requires a radioactive injection to view blood flow and oxygen levels

Active parts of the brain are displayed in hot colors and inactive parts are displayed in cool colours

Allows for brain activity to be monitored during specific events

MRI

Takes longer then a CT Scan

More detailed view of the brain then a CT Scan

Stands for Magnetic Resonance Imaging

CAT/CT Scan

Stands for Computerized Tomography

Only looks at the structure of the brain

Biology of The Brain

Neurotransmitters

Peptides

Endorphins

pain killer

Amines

Acetylcholine

excitatory or inhibatory

muscle contraction

Serotonin

a calming mood enhancer

Dopamine

increase pleasurable feelings

control motor activity

Norepinephrine/Noradrenalin

arousal during stress response

Epinephrine/Adrenaline

stress response

Amino Acids

GABA

Aspartame

Glycine

inhibitory messages

Glutamate

excitatory messages

The 3 Synaptic Connections

3) Other molecules are diffuse out cleft and are carried away as waste

2) neurotransmitters are destroyed by enzymes

1) the axon absorbs neurotransmitter molecules to be recycled

Nerve Cells

Neurons

Found mainly in the Central Nervous System

Synapses

Synapses is when 2 neurons connect

A cells axon connects with another cells dendrite

Axon

coated in a myelin sheath

They send information to other cells

Dendrite

they carry information to the soma

Soma

body of a nerve cell

Glial Cells

Supporting cell that help neurons make connections

History of Brain

Trepanation

Believed to release evil spirts that were trapped in the head (mental illness)

boring holes into the skull to relieve pressure

The brain has developed alot over millions of years