作者：Farah Amalina 9 年以前
340
PROKARYOTIC & EUCARYOTIC CELLS
Prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells exhibit distinct structural and functional characteristics. Eukaryotic cells, which include organisms such as animals, plants, and fungi, possess a well-defined nucleus, complex organelles, and a cytoskeleton.
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Gram negative vs gram positive cell wall Prokaryotes vs eukaryotes PROKARYOTIC & EUCARYOTIC CELLS Components of prokaryotic cell structures internal to the cell wall Inclusions Magnetosomes
Gas vacuoles
Carboxysomes
Sulfur granules
Lipid inclusions
Polysaccharide granules
Metachromatic granules
Ribosomes Nuclear Area Cytoplasm Plasma (cytoplasmic) membrane Active processes
Passive processes
Osmosis
Hypertonic
Hypotonic
Isotonic
Facilitated diffusion
Simple diffusion
Gram negative cell wall Gram positive cell wall structures external to the cell wall Fimbriae and pili Axial filaments Flagella Lophotrichous
Amphitrichous
Peritrichous
Monotrichous
Glycocalyx What is life? Cellular structure Metabolism Responsiveness Reproduction Growth Prokaryotic no membrane receptors binary fission no membrane bound organelles circular DNA complex cell wall small ribosomes simple appendages no cytoskeleton unbound nucleoid Bacterial and archaeal structures endospore survival under harsh condition flagella swimming motality fimbriae and pili attachment to surface capsules and slime layers resistance to phagocytosis cell wall provides shape and protection periplasmic space G(+) small or absent G(-) contain hydrolytic enzymes nucleiod localisation of genetic material inclusions storage of carbons, phosphates and others ribosomes protein synthesis gas vacuole buoyancy for floating plasma membrane selectively permeable barrier Eukaryotic big ribosomes cytoskeleton cell wall simple when present mitosis membrane receptors membrane bound organelles linear DNA with histones complex appendages membrane bound nucleus and nucleolus
