Water System

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Rural treatment

1 is pumped from a well 2 does not undergo much treatment for disposing and consuming 3 is released into a dirt bed 4 has an area where sludge can settle 5 is just for 1 house rather than a whole city

Similarites

1 both are pumped 2 both use sedimentation to remove waste 3 both are put back into the enviroment 4 both use pipes to transport water 5 both are put into tanks to store the unused water

City treatment

1 is pumped in bulk and from a large body of water 2 has many precautions to prevent trash and other things from getting in the water 3 chlorine is added 4 is stored in large tanks 5 pumped through tanks before disposement

9 major rivers in canada

Churchill

Peel

Severn

St.John

Albany

Peace

Fraiser

Athabaska

MacKenzie

5 main bodies of water that our watershed drain into

Gulf of Mexico

Pacific Ocean

Arctic Ocean

Atlantic Ocean

Hudson Bay

what mountains seperate what watersheds

St.Elias

Youngest Mountain range

seperates the atlantic and arctic watersheds

Rockie Mountains

medium mountain range

seperates the pacific watershed from the hudson bay and pacific watersheds

Appalachians

oldest mountain range

seperates the atlaintic watershed from the gulf of mexico watershed

Facts

Earth's Water

0.4% Gasses

2.1% Froze as Fresh

96% Salt Water

0.5% Liquid Fresh

Ground Water vs Surface Water

Which is better?

Ground water- 4 Surface water- 2

Quality

Ease Of Access

Surface water is more easy to access due to it being on the surface, whereas with ground water, you will have to drill 150-200 feet underground

Effect Of Drought

Ground water feels less effects of drought due to it being deep underground, surrounded by cool dirt, and no sunlight to heat it up

Mineral Content

Ground water has been refined by the ground, and enriched with calcium, potassium etc which makes it better for minerals

Availability

Surface water covers about 60% covered in water, which makes ground water less available than surface water

Surface water

Surface water is more open to the enviroment, so its more suceptable to human interaction, but ground water is mostly untouched by us so naturally ground water is less polluted

Tempurature

Surface water and ground water both fluctuate in temperature, but ground water is colder than surface water because its far enough underground where its cool, but not far enough down to be hot or warm

Ground water

Mainland Valley Watershed

Issues

Invasive Spieces

Waste Water

Pesticides

Dams

Ag Runoff

Land Drainage

Fisherys

Drought

Flooding

Pollution

Great Lakes

are the great lakes more or less polluted now than the turn of the century

the great lakes are more polluted now than the turn of the century due to industrialization being more prominant now than the 1900s.

whats the most pollued lake

lake Erie

what invasive spieces are a problem

grass carp

zebra mussels

silver carp

how healthy is the ecosystem

in some lakes the ecosystem is good, but in others it can vary during the times of year and what lake it is.

are the fish safe to eat

you could eat fish caught in the great lakes, except for when the water is too polluted, and the fish are full of dangerous pollutants.

is swimming safe

swimming is mostly safe except for when the water is too dangerous or bad to swim in.

how potable is the water

the water is mostly safe to drink, but it is treated first. the water is safe depending on your immune system as well.

3 major pollutants

waste

runoff

trash

Underground Water Resoviors

Precipitation

Rain, Snow, ect

Porosity

How porous something is

Capillaiary Action

the movement of water through an aquifer or other porus materials

Impervious Layer

a layer that doesnt absorb liquids through it

Percolation Layer

A layer of dirt, soot, sand, ect that aborbs water back into the water table

Water Table

the water system

Pumped Aquafer Well

An actively working well that is pumping water

Ground Water

Water that pools on the ground because the ground cant absorb it fast enough

Saturation Zone

An area that gets more water than anywhere else

Runoff

Water that came from a place of high saturation, either downhill or by a pump

Flowing Well

A well that did reach an aquitard

Dry Well

A well that doesnt reach the aquitard

Aquafer

its a layer of porus rock that water flows through

Aquatard

an impervious layer that transmits water at a slower rate than an aquifer

Water Cycle

Perspiration

The production and release of a watery, saline fluid

Sublimation

Solids turning directly into gas, without the liquid stage

Transipration

When plants take water from the ground and release it into the air as a vapor

Condensation

Water particles clumping together to form rain/snow/sleet/hail ect

Evaporation

Liquid water turning into water particles in the air

precipitation

Water particles falling from the sky

New Terms

Potable

How healthy water is to drink

Salinity

How much saline is in water