Hydrocarbons

Mehr dazu

V2 Kit development - Activities buffer development

von Santos Santos

Plastic Water Bottles Plastic water bottles are cheap and convenient products, but their production and waste have detrimental environmental costs.

von Sabeh Ayoun Abdul Rahman

The Map of Trigonometric Functions

von selina stinson

iBatis Data Mapper 2.0

von aakarsh nair

Hydrocarbons

Halogenated derivatives

Nomenclature: methyl chloride: CH3-CL ethyl chloride: CH3-CH2-CH2-CL

Physical properties and uses: insoluble in water, boiling point depends on molecular mass. Used industrially as solvents.

Nitrogenated derivatives

Amides: considered derivatives of carboxylic acids

Physical properties and uses: similar to amines, also employed in textil dye and polymer synthesis industries.

Nomenclature: formamide or methanamide: CHO-NH2 acetaminophen or ethanamide: CH3-CH2-CO-NH2

Amines: derived from ammonia

Nomenclature: athylmethilamine: CH3-CH2-NH-CH3 triethylamine: CH3-CH2-N-CH2-CH3 CH2-CH3

Physical properties and uses: unpleasant odors. Used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals.

Hydrocarbon derivatives

Oxygenated derivatives

Esters: compounds formed by two functional groups: carboxyl group of acids and hydroxyl group of alcohols

Nomenclature: octal acetate: CH3-COO-(CH2)7-CH3 pentyl acetate: CH3-COO-(CH2)4-CH3

Carboxylic acids: the functional group is a combination of carbonyl and hydroxyl groups called carboxyl group

Nomenclature: propionic acid: CH3CH2COOH butyric acid: CH3CH2CH2COOH

Physical properties and uses: up to 9 carbon atoms are liquids, more than 9 are solids. Used to manufacture soaps.

Aldehydes and Ketones: two families of derivatives share the same functional group called carbonyl

Nomenclature: methane: CH4 ethane: CH3-CH3

Physical properties and uses: up to12 carbon atoms are liquids, used as starting points for the synthesis of other compounds.

Alcohol: hydrogens are replaced by hydroxyl groups

Nomenclature: methanol: CH3-OH ethanol: CH3-CH2-OH

Physical properties and uses: with 5 to 12 carbon atoms are oily liquids, with more than 12, they are insoluble solids. Used as an industrial solvent and for polymer manufacturing.

Ethers: oxygen is located in the middle, separating two hydrocarbon radicals

Nomenclature: methyl ether: CH3-O-CH3 ethyl methyl: CH3-O-CH2-CH3

Physical properties and uses: gases at room temperature, boiling points are lower than of alcohols of similar molecular masses, solubility similar to alcohols. Used as a additive and to manufacture ethylene glycol, also for liquid detergents.