von Hafsa Saeed Vor 11 Jahren
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Stage 3: 3-5 -initiative vs guilt:
Stage 2: age 1-3- autonomy vs shame & doubt: encoraging the child to try new skills Autonomy. if they fail and the parents scrold them they will develop shame and doubt in what they do.
Stage 1: Trust vs Mistrust: trust when a child is loved and supported, mistrust when parent is cold and inadequate care
post conventional: moral behavior directed by self chosen ethical principles that tend to be general, comprehensive or universal
conventional: reasoning based on desire to please others or to follow accepted authority, rules and vaules
preconventional: moral thinking guided by consequence of action (punishment, reward, favors
temporal- primary auditory area, and language
cerebellum- posture, coordination, muscle tone, memory skills and habits.
occipital- vision
Parietal- sensations like touch, temp, and pressur,
frontal- sense of self, control movement (primamry motorcortex), reasoning and planning
right hemisphere- perceptual skills. speachless but is able to understand language (jokes, irony, sarcasm), patterns, melodies, express and detect emotion, drawing a picture.
Left hemispheres- analysis.. language, math, time and rythm, coordinating the order of complex movement
the spine can do simple computing on it's own- reflex arc steping on a needle which cause you to reflexively withdraw your foot. damage to the CNS is usually perminent but scientist have been working on CNS repair and have had a few sucesses
autonomic
sympathetic
fight or flight system
parasypathtic
return the body to homostasis
internal organs and glandes, involuntary
somatic
voluntary, carries messages to and from organs and skeletal muscles
nerves in the PNS can regrow. They are covered by a thin layer of cells called the neurilemma. this forms a tunnel where damage fibers can follow as they repair themselves. This is why pacients can regain some control after reattaching a severed limb
the capacity for our brains to change in response to the enviorment. new synapsis may grow b/w neurons or synaptic conections may get stronger
Stresses the impact that social and contral context has on our behavior.
The whole human
a single perspective is unlikely to fully explain complex human behavior. Perspectives are eclectic and draw insights from other perspective.
A broder view of diversity
Age, ethnicity, gender, religion, disabilityand sexual orientation all affects the social norm that guide behavior
Cultural relavitity
the idea that behavior must be judged relative to the vaules of the culture in which it occurs.
eg. Linda a Native American says there are spirits in the trees near her house. Is she dilusional? No, one must take into account her cultural beleifs.
view behavior as the result of psychological process within each person. Emphasize on objective observation, but also congnitive psychology which seeks to explain how mental process affect our thoughts, actions and feelings
Seeks to explain behaviour in terms of bilogical principles such as brain process, evolution, and genetics. biopsycologist are producting insights on how the brain related to thinkinf , feeling, preception, abnormal behavior, etc.
BARNUM Effect- a tendency to consider personal descriptions accurate if they are stated in general terms
confirmation bias- personalit traits will contain both sides of a personality for example you are an introvert but sometimes a extrovert. when reading this we remember the stuff that relate to us and prove true, but forget the rest
uncritical acceptance- the tendency to beleive claims because they seem true or it would be nice if they were true.
examples of pseudopsycology are Phrenology ( personality traits could be indicated by skull shape. Palmistry (palm reading), graphology ( personality based on handwriting)
Control- the ability to alter the conditions that affect the behavior
Prediction- the ability to forcast behavior accurately
Understanding- means that you can state the reason behind the behavior.
description- naming or classifiying behavior is based on scientific observations (empirical evidence). Does not answer the why
Psychology- The scientific study of behaviour and the mental process
Asking questions that require you to think more deeply about the subject, and analyse it with more depth. One way to approch a peice of reading with skeptism. As you go through the reading question what is being said which will allow you to think at a deeper level about what you are reading
Connecting new information to information you already know. eleborate on your understanding by linking new ideas to your own experince.
