VERBS

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Vocabulary Mindmap

por Roderick Rutledge

Subjunctive Mobile

por Penelope Tingley

Open Source GIS

por Shane Buscher

My future

por Sophia Kmit

TENSES

FUTURE

FUTURE PERFECT SIMPLE

I think astronauts will have landed in Mars by the year 2025...

Do you think we will have finished our project in two hours?

In ten years time I will have finished university.

IN

MARCH NEXT YEAR

ANOTHER FIVE DAYS

TWO YEARS TIME

THE END OF... (THIS YEAR / WEEK / DAY...)

TO SAY THAT SOMETHING WILL BE FINISHED BY A PARTICULAR TIME IN THE FUTURE

WILL / WON'T + SUBJ. + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS + ?

SUBJ. + WON'T HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS

SUBJ. + WILL HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS

FUTURE CONTINUOUS

At 8 o'clock I'll be watching my favourite reality show. Don't ring!

You will be travelling to New York at this time tomorrow.

DURING

THIS WEEK

JULY

AT

THIS TIME (. . .)

BY

THIS TIME (TOMORROW, NEXT WEEK / MONTH...)

3 O'CLOCK

SOMETHING THAT WILL BE IN PROGRESS AT, OR AROUND, A TIME IN THE FUTURE

WILL / WON'T + SUBJ. + INFINITIVE VERB "TO BE" + INF & ING + COMPLEMENTS

SUBJ. + WON'T + INFINITIVE VERB "TO BE" + INF & ING + COMPLEMENTS

SUBJ. + WILL + INFINITIVE VERB "TO BE" + INF & ING + COMPLEMENTS

What time do you finish work tomorrow?

The train leaves at 16.30.

TO TALK ABOUT TIMETABLES, PROGRAMMES...

*SEEN IN PRESENT SIMPLE*

My sister is getting married next year.

Tomorrow I'm meeting Ellie at the station.

TO SAY WHAT YOU HAVE ALREADY ARRANGED TO DO

*SEEN IN PRESENT CONTINUOUS*

BE GOING TO

Is mum going to buy a new car?

The food looks horrible, I'm not going to eat it.

There are clouds in th sky. It is going to rain.

EVERY FUTURE TIME EXPRESSION

SOMETHING BASED ON PRESENT EVIDENCES

I HAVE ALREADY DECIDED TO DO SOMETHING, I INTEND TO DO IT

PRESENT FORM OF THE VERB "TO BE" + SUBJ. + GOING TO + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS + ?

SUBJ. + NEGATIVE PRESENT FORM OF THE VERB "TO BE" + GOING TO + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS

SUBJ. + AFFIRMATIVE PRESENT FORM OF THE VERB "TO BE" + GOING TO + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS

WILL/WON'T & SHALL

SHALL

Shall I open the window? / Where shall we go this evening?

FORMS: SHALL I... ? / SHALL WE... ?

JUST IN INTERROGATIVE

WE USE "SHALL" IN OFFERS AND REQUESTS

Will you be quiet?

I won't tell that anyone.

I' ll help you carry that box.

SOME VERBS... (BELIEVE, PROMISE, HOPE, EXPECT, SUPPOSE, THINK, WONDER, WORRY...)

IF

I THINK

ASKING QUESTIONS

PROMISES

OFFERS OR AGREES / REFUSING TOO

SPONTANEOUS DECISIONS

WILL / WON'T + SUBJ. + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS + ?

SUBJ. + WON'T + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS

SUBJ. + WILL + INFINITIVE + COMPLEMENTS

PRESENT

PRESENT CONTINUOUS

Are you training hard?

David isn´t working today.

My friend Sarah is learning German.

ALWAYS (-) (When you are tired of something)

NOW / AT THE MOMENT / AT PRESENT

TEMPORARY SITUATIONS

NOW / AT THE MOMENT

PRESENT FORM OF VB "TO BE" + SUBJ. + INF. & ING + COMPLEMENTS + ?

SUBJ. + NEGATIVE PRESENT FORM OF VB "TO BE"+ INF. & ING + COMPLEMENTS

SUBJ.+ AFFIRMATIVE PRESENT FORM OF VB "TO BE" + INF. & ING. + COMPLEMENTS

PRESENT SIMPLE

Do I need to study the lesson?

Jesse doesn´t swim in winter.

I have English classes on Mondays.

ONCE IN A BLUE MOON...

ONCE / TWICE (A YEAR, A MONTH, A WEEK...)

ON... (TUESDAYS)

EVERY

OCTOBER

TUESDAY

DAY

ADVERBS OF FREQUENCY: ALWAYS / USUALLY & NORMALLY / OFTEN / SOMETIMES / RARELY & HARDLY EVER / NEVER

DESCRIPTIONS / STATEMENTS

TIMETABLES

FREQUENCY (ACTIONS)

DO / DOES + SUBJ. + INF. + COMPLEMENTS + ?

SUBJ. + DON'T / DOESN'T + INF. + COMPLEMENTS

SUBJ. + AFFIRMATIVE PRESENT FORM (+S, in 3rd person singular) + COMPLEMENTS

PAST

PAST PERFECT

Had they lived in Italy before they moved to England?

She hadn't seen him before that party.

I had studied German before I went to Germany.

FOR / SINCE

BEFORE / IN 1978 / ONCE...

AN ACTION WHICH STARTS AND FINISHES IN A DISTANT PAST (BEFORE PAST SIMPLE).

HAD + SUBJ. + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS + ?

SUBJ. + HADN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS

SUBJ. + HAD + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS

PRESENT PERFECT

Have you arrived to the station?

I haven't finished yet.

She has done her homework.

JUST / ALREADY / YET / EVER / NEVER / FOR / SINCE

AN ACTION IN THE PAST WHICH CONTINUES AND HAS CONSEQUENCES IN THE PRESENT

HAVE / HAS + SUBJ. + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS + ?

SUBJ. + HAVEN'T / HASN'T + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS

SUBJ. + HAVE / HAS + PAST PARTICIPLE + COMPLEMENTS

PAST CONTINUOUS

Were you driving when I saw you?

She wasn´t watching TV on saturday.

I was studying yesterday at 6 o'clock.

+ WHILE

SIMILAR TO PAST SIMPLE

AN ACTION DURING A PERIOD OF TIME IN THE PAST

A CONTINUOUS ACTION INTERRUPTED BY A PAST SIMPLE

WAS / WERE + SUBJ. + INF. & ING + COMPLEMENTS + ?

SUBJ. + WASN'T / WEREN'T + INF. & ING + COMPLEMENTS

SUBJ. + WAS / WERE + INF. & ING + COMPLEMENTS

PAST SIMPLE

EXAMPLES

Did she pass the exam?

You didn't travel to New York last month.

I worked as a doctor for 35 years.

KEY WORDS

+ WHEN

FOR (9 MONTHS, 3 WEEKS...)

(2 DAYS...) AGO

LAST (WEEK, MONTH, TUESDAY)

YESTERDAY

SITUATION

ACTIONS WHICH STARTED AND FINISHED IN THE PAST

HOW DO WE FORM IT?

¿?

DID + SUBJ. + INF. + COMPLEMENTS + ?

-

SUBJ. + DIDN'T + INF. + COMPLEMENTS

+

SUBJ. +

2º C

. + COMPLEMENTS

INF. VB & ED