b3 ch6 course book version

Honelako gehiago

Language Arts

by sheri okland

Charles Dickens

by Pietro Contini

Ergonomics

by Darren Smith

Community

by Charis Fisher

theory of mind

Factors relevant measuring

Behaviour and Talk

Woolfe

Early signing in deaf better than late signing

sugg: language enances tom

language

Can you give me some

14m: not 18 m: yes

sugg early uderstanding of desire

Wellmann

3 vs. 5 more investigating mental state terms

sugg: understanding of othres desiers comes before beliefs

cognitve

intentions

Meltzoff

18 m complete task of failing human but not machine

sugg. early understanind by children learn that humas have pychological states like intentions but machines don't

understanding others intentions

joint attention

Charman

joint attention better predictior of TOM vs. pretend play or imitation

sugg. more successfull: communication about mental states not objects

Envrionment

siblings, mothres

Others

mind mindedness, age, interaction with adutlts

no of siblings, and language ability

sugg. language helps to decenter and think about the mind

suggestive generlly of social interaction important for dev of TOM + vigotsky

Implications of TOM (-social advantages and manipulation of others)

Enhanced social interation

Bad

Sutton et al

Bullies better TOM vs. victims

Good

Askington

b) Longditud: TOM predictor of Joint proposal

a) joint proposal corr- with TOM

Dev & Findings (TOM at 4) + TOM + TOOM 2nd order at 7

Second order TOM

Sullyvan et al

- done a good job finishing peas - done a good job cleaning room

sugg: joke and lie are differentiated but requires understanding knowledge or ignorance of facts not of their beliefs

second order false belief develops at about 7

helps undertanding where others beliefs come from

Deceptive Box test

Gopnik

What did you think was in the box

children < 4 said pencils

parallel TOM and TOOM

Avis+Harris

Simmilar findings with BAKA tribe

Maxi task

Wimmer & Perner

>3 not successfull 4-5 50% 6-9 100%

sugg: start at 4y

Sally / Anne task

x secretly changing the location while y left the room.

indication of understanding of s.o holdinga a false belief

Historical / Now -TOM sooner than P.

Premack&Woodruff

Dennet thouht this is not proof

Chimpaznzees have TOM

but could only be assotiation

Donalson: believes P findings due to cognitive factors i.e. understanding language

Hughes: 90% of children 3-5 could hide the doll from the policeman

Piaget

Three mountains task: construct display from dolls point of view

P thought children could only change pespective at around 7

TOM similar to concept egocentrism