Ch. 4 Responding to Arguments CR

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by Hillary Laba

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by Wendy Melnick

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by BERNAL CONTRERAS BERNAL CONTRERAS

Works Cited Rottenberg, Annette T. and Donna Haisty Winchell. “Chapter 2: Examining Written Arguments.” Elements of Argument: A Text and Reader. Eds. Rottenberg, Annette T. and Donna Haisty Winchell. 11th ed. Boston, MA: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2015. 34-60.

Naomi Wattanasarn 9/30/18 Dr. Fisher Hot Class

Ch. 4 Responding to Arguments CR

Avoiding Plagiarism

Giving credit to the author:

Increases ethos of the sources/experts you are using for support

Allows reader to check that you are not misusing source material

Shows your integrity and serious academic attitude

Notify readers of your paper where another author's ideas start/stop

Insert source info when quoting while taking notes on a text

Plagiarism: Presenting another author's words or ideas as your own original without acknowledging your source

Main topic

Providing Support

3. Quoting: Directly quote from other author's passage

3. Introduce with own explaining sentence, separate from quote with a colon (:)

2. Use a speech tag ("____ writes...")

1. Incorporate quote in own unique sentence

Present authority of author: Their position, institution, publications, or other important facts

Applies to "a statement that provides succinct, irrefutable evidence for an issue you wish to support" (Rosenberg, Winchell 120)

2. Paraphrasing: Repeat the source in your own words, but same length of other passage

Use it "when you want to capture the idea but there is nothing about the wording that makes repeating it necessary" (Rottenberg, Winchell 120).

1. Summarizing: It involves "shortening the original passage as well as putting it into your own words" (Rottenberg, Winchell 119).

Shows that you understand and can restate another's ideas

Need to show you fully understand all essential points of argument by providing support

Planning the Structure

Comparing Two Arguments

Parallel order comparison: Make parallel points, in the same order, for Subject A in the first half and Subject B in the second half

Point-by-Point Comparison: Discuss "each point about Subject A and Subject B together before...the second point, where again both subjects are discussed" (Rottenberg, Winchell 114)

Responding to a Single Argument

Body divided in sections:

2. Provide specific points/examples from argument that support generalization

1. Generalize your point of view of the argument

Documenting Your Sources

Make sure you are correctly documenting sources that are not simple (multiple authors, long quotes, web sites, etc.)

Cite texts from Works Cited in text and in parentheses

When quoting, mention the author and location in text of quoted words

When paraphrasing, mention the author and location in text of borrowed ideas

When summarizing, mention the author and location in text of borrowed ideas

Give authors credit for any ideas that are not originally yours

Using Sentence Forms to Write About Arguments

Clarify Another Author's Argument

Emphasize one point of other argument that was not amplified

More clearly define the conclusion of other author's argument

Explain Two Different Views (on same topic) and Provide Your View

2. Express how your view differs/agrees with one or both arguments

1. Identify what points of both arguments are different

Correcting a "distortion or misstatement of fact" (Rottenberg, Winchell 117) to establish neutral truth or create interpretation more favorable to your view

2. Present your evidence that contradicts the mistake

1. Identify the other author's faulty claim

Agree in Part

3. Explain why the points you disagree with are invalid

2. Insert qualifier, explain part(s) of argument you do not agree with

"Separate out what is correct and what is not" (Rottenberg, Winchell 117)

1. Identify what point(s) of argument you agree with

Introduce your point of view, in relation to the other author's

2. Insert own view on argument's topic

1. Introduce author's point of view

Present the other author's view (suggest at the end your point of view)

Using direct quotations from other author

Using your own original words

Writing the Claim

Claim of policy: Explains what further actions should be taken, unusual for argument analysis (probably don't use)

Claim of value: An opinion plus justification of the author's argument or how they presented it (a judgment)

Comparing Two Arguments: Compare their validity or effectiveness in persuading the audience

Claim of fact: A neutral evaluation of how the author presented their argument and/or support (a statement)

Comparing Two Arguments: Neutral analysis of their contrasting points