Current, Voltage, Resistance

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Types Of current

Alternating current

current that alternates its direction many times a second a regular intervals in a circuit (AC)

Transformers change AC to DC

House outlets use 120V AC

Typically used in power supplies.

Direct Current

current that flow in the same direction in a circuit (DC)

Types: wet-cells & dry-cells

Electrical Charge: When there are more electrons than protons, the charge is negative.

Current, Voltage, Resistance

Electrical Current

Resistance: The part of an electrical circuit that resists the flow of electricity (for example, by transforming it into heat or light, as in a light bulb or a buzzer).

Measured in ohms (Symbol is Greek letter omega Ω)

Batteries: Electron pumps

They provide an energy source to a circuit

Batteries are reserves of chemical energy that can be transformed into electrical energy

Voltage: is the difference in electrical potential between two points where electrons are flowing

Voltage is the “push” that makes electric charges flow, measured in Volts (V)

Electric Potential

The amount of potential energy per charge

Short Circuit: Occurs when two current-carrying conductors accidentally come into contact, either directly or through a conducting object.

Circuit: Electric current flows through a closed, continuous path.

Insulators

Materials that do not easily transmit heat, cold, or electricity, such as wood and plastic. Electrical wires are covered with an insulator to prevent electrical shocks and short circuits that could cause fires.

Conductors

bodies or materials that allow an electrical current to pass through them. (Examples: Copper, aluminum, brass, zinc, iron, pewter, and salt water.

It is made up of a series of electrical components and conductors (e.g., batteries, electrical wires, light bulbs, etc.)

Amperes: The number of electrons that pass a point in a circuit in one second

Current: The movement of negative electrical charges (electrons) through a conductor (electrical wire, metal foil, etc.).

Atom

Electrical charge: When an atom loses or gains an electron

Electrons

Electrical Charge: When there are fewer electrons than protons, the charge is positive. The unit of electrical charge is the coulomb (symbol: C).

Neutrons

Protons