Focus on Grammar through Processing Instruction

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Focus on Grammar through Processing Instruction

Classroom Activities: Examples of Structured Input

Affective activities

Requires learners to express their opinion and do not have right or wrong answers. They can be used with students in a lower intermediate level class. The aim o is to process the present and past participle adjectives. The activities can be conducted orally or in written forms.

Referential Activities

The aim is to help learners with the acquisition of English past and future tenses, respectively. The third activity facilitates learning causative constructions

Structured Input

Classroom Activities that are used in input-processing instruction are called structured input. They are so called because they are specifically designed to contain input that facilitates form-meaning connections.

Guidelines for Developing Structured Input Activities

Some famous researchers have all emphasized that these guidelines are important and should be considered in designing effective input processing materials.

Keep Learners’ Processing Strategies in Mind

Have Learners Do Something with the Input

Move from Individual Sentences to Connected Discourse

Use Oral and Written Input

Present One Item at a Time

Keep Meaning in Focus

Empirical Evidence for Processing Instruction

The processing instruction points to language acquisition in the initial stage of pro-cessing, which is input processing. This instruction not only affects the student also affects their underlying system in such a way that they will eventually be able to incorporate the target form into their output.

Processing Instruction

Students may tend to pay more attention to forms that express more meaning than those that express less meaning. According to VanPatten, natural languages are redundant characteristics. In other words, the same information is encoded more than once, as in a sentence that contains a subject in the third person and a third person in singular.

Input Processing

Used the link grammatical forms to their meaning.The ability of students to process instructions is analyzed, because learners need input for acquisition.

Input and its Role in Language Learning

Within the context of learning the English language, it basically includes grammar and the way in which students perceive information. Input can be defined as the language "that students hear or see those attending for their propositional content.