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Chemistry

by Winda Teo

Math Basics

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Biological Macromolecules back up

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Chemistry mindmap

by Iván Alexis Alvarado Justo

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Binary & Multivalent Ionic Compounds

What are Peroxide

A peroxide has 1 more oxygen atom than the normal binary atom.

How to name a Peroxide: Name the Ionic Compound as we usually do, except the ending needs to be "peroxide" instead of "oxide". Ex. Na2O2 = Sodium Peroxide

Identify if it is a Metal or Non Metal

Name Metal my its elemental name. Then write non-metal elemental name and add "ide" at the end of it.

TO FIND FORMULA: 1. Find valence charge of both metal and non-metal 2. Write the chemical (elemental) name and cross the charges EX. Lithium Oxide: Li2 O

Roman Numerals We use roman numerals for only for multivalent compounds

Acids & Bases

Binary Acids: First element is always Hydrogen. It starts with Hydro-, and ends with -ic acid. Always add 'aq' = aqueous solution.

Ex. H2 S (aq) = Hydro-sulfuric acid

Bases: Contains one or more hydroxide ions (OH).

Ex. Cu (OH)2 = Copper Hydroxide

Oxy-Acids: Contains 3 elements, 1st being Hydrogen and Last being Oxygen.

Ex. HBrO3 = Bromic Acid. Similarly HBrO2 = Bromous acid

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds

Polyatomic: Compounds that contain ions made from more than 2 atoms. Poly (many) atomic (atoms). Cat-ion (metals) and Anions (polyatomic)

Example: K2 SO4 = Potassium Sulphate

Naming: - Name the metal - Name the Polyatomic ion (do not change ending ^^) - If the metal is multivalent, indicate its value as a Roman numeral in brackets.

Oxyanion is a polyatomic ion which contains oxygen.

Covalent Compounds

Diatomic vs Monoatomic: Diatomic: Forms a bond with themselves. Likewise Monoatomic means One atom; Mono - one, atomic - atom

Example: H2 (g) --> Hydrogen Gas

Diatomic: I Brought Cl For Our New Hottub

Nomenclature

Determine the # of atoms in the first element, if it is greater than one than use the correct Greek prefix (above). If it's just one, than just use the element name (don't add mono). Then, doing the same thing, look at the 2nd element and add "ide" at the end and use mono.

1 - mono 6 - hexa 2 - di 7 - hepta 3 - tri 8 - octa 4 - tetra 9 - nona 5 - penta 10- deca