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The Subject of Biology

Biospheres

Living Organisms

Cells

Eukaryotic

organelles

nucleus

some are unicellular, most are multicellular

protista

Prokaryotic

microscopic

mostly unicellular

no organelles

no nucleus

Archaebacteria

The Three Domains of Life

Eukaryota

diplomonads

microsporidia

trichomonads

flagellates

ciliates

fungi

slime molds

entamoebae

Bacteria

aquifex

thermotoga

bacteroides cytophaga

planctomyces

cyanobacteria

proteobacteria

spirochetes

gram positives

green filamentous bacteria

pyrodicticum

thermoproteus

T. celer

methanococcus

methanobacterium

methanosarcina

Nutrition

Heterotrophy

consumers

detritivores

saprotrophs

Autotrophy

chemoautotroph

photoautotroph

Symbiosis

the relationship between two different organisms

parasitism

one organism benefits while the other is harmed

commensalism

one organisms benefits while the other is neither benefitted nor harmed

mutualism

both organisms benefit from eachother

Reproduction

Asexually

multicellular organisms

budding

spore formation

vegetative propagation

regeneration

fragmentation

unicellular organisms

Fission

Multiple

Binary

transverse

simple

longitudinal

Budding

Sexually

animals

ovaries

testis

plants

gynoecium

androecium

6 Kingdoms

Eubacteria

can be:

photosynthetic

heterotrophs

chemosynthetic

some are:

detrimental

beneficial

Archaea

are: Prokaryotes

methanogens

participate in sewage treatments

inhabit in the colons of animals

produce methane

extremophiles

halophiles

inhabit in great salt lakes

grow best at 17-25% salt concentration

acidophiles

grow best at low pH

hyperthermophiles

inhabit in hydrothermal vents

grow best at 780 degrees C

thermophiles

grow best at 45 degrees C

Protista

Funguslike

hhhhhhh

Plantlike

called: algae

multicellular

unicellular

Animallike

called: protozoa

include:

zoomastigina

sarcodina

ciliophora

sporozoa

Fungi

Myxomycota

Eumycota

Deuteromycotina

Basidomycotina

Ascomycotina

septate

Zygomycotina

reproduce

sexually

asexually

hyphae are:

non-septate

filamentous

Animalia

Vertebrates

Cold Blooded

Reptiles

Fish

Amphibians

Warm Blooded

Mammals

Birds

Invertebrates

Echinoderms

Coelenterates

Arthropods

Mollusks

Worms

Plantae

Flowering Plants

Angiosperms

Monocotyledons

Dicotyledons

Non-Flowering Plants

Gymnosperms

Ferns

Mosses

8 Characteristics

response to stimuli

metabolism

reproduction

homeostasis

hereditary

growth and development

cellular organization

adaptation through evolution

provides the requirements for life

favorable temperatures

soil

water

gasses

energy

include

lithosphere

atmosphere

hydrosphere