Error Analysis

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Error Analysis

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Fossilization vs Stabilization

The main difference between fossilization and stabilization is permanence and the causes.

Stabilization

• It refers to the moment in which learners' language development has reach an apparent "plateau", (Long, 2003)
• It usually occurs in advanced stages, where language learning seems not to experience any changes.

Fossilization

• It is the permanent incorporation of incorrect linguistic forms into a person's second language competence.
• Fossilization is impacted by conditioning, reinforcement, need, motivation, self-determination.
• Affective feedback and cognitive feedback are factors related to fossilization.
• It could be the result of the presence or absence of internal motivating factors or seeking interactions with other people.

Intralingual vs Interlingual

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Main difference is the language transfer, intralingual is within the second language, and interlanguage is with the native language.

Interlingual

• It occurs at the beginning stages of learning a second language.
• It usually happens due to the transfer or interference of the native language

Intralingual

• It is the transfer within the target language, the major factor is the second language itself.
• It happens once learners have acquired parts of the new system and a generalization within the target language occurs.

Global vs Local errors

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Global errors affect comprehension whereas local erros do not.

Local

• They do not prevent the message from being understood.
• There is a minor violation of one segment of a sentence allowing the hearer to make an accurate guess.

Global

• They hinder communication.
• They prevent the hearer from understanding the message

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Types of feedback

Repetition

S: I did my bed this morning

T: I did?

Explicit correction

S: She have three sisters.

T: I, you, we and they use have, she, he or it, use has.

Elicitation

S: She have three sisters.

T: She... try again please.

S: She has three sisters.

Metalinguistic feedback

S: She have three sisters.

T: Do we use have or has with third person singular?

S: She has three sisters.

Clarification request

S: He take the bust to go to school

T: Pardon me?

Recast

S: I did my bed this morning

T: Oh, you made your bed this morning.

Categories

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Substitution

• Will you going to the movies?

Ordering

I need to know where is the bank?

Omission

• What you doing tomorrow?

Addition

Example

• I don't know what do you mean

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Mistakes vs Errors

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The difference between them is that mistakes have to do with the performance and errors with the system of the learners.

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Error

• It reflects the competence of the learner.
• It cannot be self-correct as it is a deviation of the learner's system.

Mistake

• It refers to performance errors that it is caused by failing in utilizing a known system correctly.

• Mistakes can be made in the native or second language.

• Speakers are capable of recognizing and correcting them.

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Overt vs Covert errors

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Difference

Main difference between overt and covert errors is that they play a different role when doing an error analysis, one overt errors are systematic and covert are idiosyncratic.

Covert errors

• These are well formed expressions at a sentence level, but are not interpretable at a discourse or context level.

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Overt errors

• These are grammatically errors at the sentence level.

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