Kategóriák: Minden - development - nutrition - hormones - genes

a Patrick Sparks 5 éve

128

Sample Mind Map

The process of growth and development in organisms encompasses multiple factors that influence physiological changes from birth through maturity and into old age. Nutrition plays a critical role in this process, affecting all stages of development and enabling compensatory growth when managed correctly.

Sample Mind Map

Growth Physiology

Development

Cellular differentiation
Cells differentiate to perform specific functions
Deterioration with age
Decrease in muscle strength and speed
Less elastic collagen

Blood vessels may collapse or bust

Wrinkles

poor reproductive function
Functional Maturation
Change in organ form
Change in organ shape

Environment

Phenotype may be effected by the environment
Determines outcome
Influenced by temperature, humidity, nutrition, etc.

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Growth

Prenatal growth and development
Hatching and rapid growth to maturity

Bone elongation

All tissues and organs develop from 3 germ layers

Mesoderm

Bones and Muscle

Ectoderm

Nervous system

Endoderm

Lining of digestive tract, pancreas, and lungs,

Zygote develops in the uterus
Prepubertal Development
Fat deposition

Abdominal, subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular

Muscle growth

Muscle fibers increase in length and diameter

Bone growth

ossification of cartilage

extension of growth plate

Post pubertal development
Body weight continues to increase
Bone elongation ceases
Continued fat deposition. Often to increase marbling (intramuscular fat)

Depends on diet

Muscle deposition slows

Hormones

Anterior Pituitary
Stimulated to release GH to a variety of tissues to stimulate growth
Release of ACTH for glucocorticoid release
Prolactin secretion for mammary secretion
Hypothalamus
Restless releasing hormones to act on the pituitary or thyroid

TRH fro TSH release to act on the thyroid

GHRH for GnRh release from AP

Genes

Heritability
Likelihood of a trait to be passed on

Selection for favorable traits such as size and early maturity

Control growth at a cellular level
Genotype and phenotype
Phenotype: expression of that potential
Genotype: potential of animal
Determines maximum size

Nutrition

Effects all stages of development
Can be used to influence time to puberty and/or maturation
Can bu used for compensatory growth if managed correctly
Increased growth and efficiency following a period of nutrient restriction
Proper nutrition to control fat deposition
Key for producing good quality products