Seperation Techniques

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Seperation Techniques

Fractional Distillation

Example of usages

Make alcoholic beverages

Subtopic

Obtain petroleum fractions from crude oil

Seperate the constituents of air

Liquids that mix are known as 'miscible

Mixture of miscible liquids with different boiling points can be seperated by fractional distillation

Liquids that do not mix are known as 'immiscible'

Filtration

Seperate solids from liquids or solids from solids

Can use a centrifuge to allow filtration to happen more quickly

Mixture with solid particles is known as suspension

When filtered, remains on the filter paper is known as residue,while substances that go through the filter paper are kmown as filtrate.

Uses filter paper for filtration

Example

Salt and sand

Chalk and water

Chromatography

Is of various kinds

Ion-Exchange chromatography

Gas chromatography

Liquid chromatography

Paper chromatography

RNA fingerprinting in forensics

Detecting traces of unpermitted food addictives in foodstuffs

Identifying poison or drugs

Finding coloured substances used in food products

Example

Canned Vegetables

Sweets

Finding colours in dyes

Used to seperate the components of a mixture by treating the mixture with a solvent

Is an analytical method of isolating the coloured components of a mixture

Evaporation

Solution is being heated, leaving solid behind while the liquid turns into gas

Used to seperate dissolved solids from a liquid

Example: Salt water

Gradual change of liquid to gas that occurs at the liquid surface

Magnetic Attraction

Applies the concept of magnetism

Use to seperate magnetic substances from non-mafneyic substaces

Example : Iron fillings and sulphur