Seperation Techniques
Fractional Distillation
Example of usages
Make alcoholic beverages
Subtopic
Obtain petroleum fractions from crude oil
Seperate the constituents of air
Liquids that mix are known as 'miscible
Mixture of miscible liquids with different
boiling points can be seperated by
fractional distillation
Liquids that do not mix are known as 'immiscible'
Filtration
Seperate solids from liquids or solids from solids
Can use a centrifuge to allow filtration to
happen more quickly
Mixture with solid particles is known as suspension
When filtered, remains on the filter
paper is known as residue,while substances
that go through the filter paper are kmown
as filtrate.
Uses filter paper for filtration
Example
Salt and sand
Chalk and water
Chromatography
Is of various kinds
Ion-Exchange chromatography
Gas chromatography
Liquid chromatography
Paper chromatography
RNA fingerprinting in forensics
Detecting traces of unpermitted food
addictives in foodstuffs
Identifying poison or drugs
Finding coloured substances used in food products
Example
Canned Vegetables
Sweets
Finding colours in dyes
Used to seperate the components of a
mixture by treating the mixture with a
solvent
Is an analytical method of isolating
the coloured components of a mixture
Evaporation
Solution is being heated,
leaving solid behind while
the liquid turns into gas
Used to seperate dissolved solids
from a liquid
Example: Salt water
Gradual change of liquid to gas that
occurs at the liquid surface
Magnetic Attraction
Applies the concept of magnetism
Use to seperate magnetic substances from non-mafneyic substaces
Example : Iron fillings and sulphur
