Analysis Connections

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Analysis Connections

Titration

Solutions

Solute

Purity

Ph

Solvent

Aqueous

Stoichiometry

The Mole

Avogadro's Number

Density

Archimedes Principle

Molar Mass

Empirical Formula

Reactions

Concentration

Concentration is the ratio of solute in a solution to either solvent or total solution.

Concentration Formula: M = N/V

Precipitation and Selective Precipitation

Reagents

Limiting Reagents

The reactant that is used up completly in a reaction is called a limiting reagent. They are substances that are completely used up in the completion of a chemical reaction.

Anions

Larger

Negative

Gain Electrons

An anion is as an atom that is negatively charged

Cations

An cation is an atom or molecule that is positively charged

Positive

Loose Electrons

Smaller

Paper Chromatography

Pure Substances

Elements

Nobles gases

Metalloids

Metals

Non-Metals

Compounds

Mixtures

Heterogeneous

Homogenous

A mixture is composed of one or more pure substances in varying composition

A small spot of a soluble mixture is placed on the paper. The solvent carries a mixture up the paper. Different components of the mixture have different relative affinities to the stationary and mobile phases and so travel up the paper at different speeds. This separates the components.

Flame Test

Atoms and their excited state

An atom or ion is excited by heating it to high temperatures, the electrons are promoted from their normal unexcited state into higher orbitals.

Higher Potential energy

Flame Colour

Emmison spectra

the emission spectrum is used to identify different elements

Flame

Size

Duration

Colour