Categorie: Tutti - alveoli - trachea

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Anatomía cardiopulmonar

The development of the pulmonary system begins in the embryonic stage, specifically between weeks three and six, with the formation of lung buds and the main branches. As development progresses, significant changes include the formation of large airways and lobar bronchi by day 37, and the continuous growth and differentiation of tissues.

Anatomía cardiopulmonar

CARDIOPULMONARY ANATOMY

CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

To help maintain fluid balance within the body
To help the body maintain a constant body temperature
To protect

the body from infection and blood loss

To transport

nutrients, gases and waste products around the body

LYMPHATIC SYSTEM

LYMPH NODES

filter lymph fluid before returning it to the blood

SPLEEN

it controls the amount of red blood cells and blood storage in the body

THYMUS

hematopoietic precursors from the bone-marrow

LYMPH

transports oxygen, food materials, hormones

transports white blood cells to and from the lymph nodes

It absorbs and transports fatty acids

removal of interstitial fluid from tissues.

BLOOD VESSELS

VEINS

VENULES

serve to return blood from organs to the heart

ARTERY

COMPONENTS

CAPILLARIES

ARTERIOLES

vessels that carry blood oxygenateda way from the heart

Water balance

PH

Transport

Hormones

Nutrients

Gases (O2 and CO2)

BLOOD

FORMED ELEMENTS

PLATELETS

are pushed out from the center of flowing blood to the wall of the blood vessel

LEUKOCYTES

are actively engaged in the destruction or neutralization of invading microorganisms

ERYTHROCYTES

transportation of oxygen and carbon dioxide

PLASMA

transport nutrients throughout the body

Protection

Regulation

Transportation

HEART

FOUR CHAMBERS

LEFT VENTRICLE

Pumps oxygenated blood from lungs to body

RIGHT VENTRICLE

is the chamber within the heart that is responsible for pumping oxygen-depleted blood to the lungs.

LEFT ATRIUM

It plays the vital role of receiving blood from the lungs via the pulmonary veins and pumping it to the left ventricle.

RIGHT ATRIUM

which function as receiving chambers for blood entering the heart

PERICARDIUM

Lubricates the heart

Prevents excessive dilation of the heart in cases of acute volume overload

Protects it from infections coming from other organs

Sets heart in mediastinum and limits its motion

It takes in deoxygenated blood through the veins and delivers it to the lungs for oxygenation before pumping it into the various arteries

Week 8

Day 50

aorta - pulmonary trunk are already separated

Week 7

Day 49

absorption pulmonary veins

Four-chambered heart

Week 6

Day 42

Division of truncus arteriosus

Day 40

formation bulb-ventricular septum

Day 39

full bottom wall

Day 36

Septum secundum

Week 5

Day 35

three-chambered heart

Atrioventricular orifice

Day 31

septum primum

Day 30

circulation starts

Day 29

Lobed atrium

Week 4

Day 26

single atrium

Day 25

cardiogenic loop is formed

Day 23

first contraction

Only half a heart tube

Day 22

Fusion endocardial tubes

Week 3

Day 21

Endocardial tubes appear

Day 20

There cardiogenic plate

PULMONARY SYSTEM

Olfaction, or Smelling, Is a Chemical Sensation
Air Vibrating the Vocal Cords Creates Sound
Internal Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Bloodstream and Body Tissues
External Respiration Exchanges Gases Between the Lungs and the Bloodstream
Inhalation and Exhalation Are Pulmonary Ventilation—That’s Breathing
STRUCTURES
DIAPHRAGM

is the main respiratory muscle that allows us to inhale and exhale

ALVEOLI

Gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide takes

MAIN BRONCHI

When someone takes a breath through their nose or mouth, the air travels into the larynx

LOBAR BRONCHUS

LEFT INFERIOR

LEFT SUPERIOR

RIGHT INFERIOR

RIGHT MIDDLE

RIGHT SUPERIOR

LUNGS

distributed to tissues all over the body and expel carbon dioxid

LEFT

TWO LOBES

RIGHT

THREE LOBES

INFERIOR

MIDDLE

SUPERIOR

CARINA'S TRACHEA

the site of the tracheal bifurcation at the lower end of the trachea

TRACHEA

uns down behind the breastbone

begins just under the larynx

EPIGLOTTIS

also protects the body from choking on food that would normally obstruct the airway.

PHARYNX

It directs the passage of air and food between the mouth and nose into esophagus and larynx

NASAL CAVITY

FUNCTION

condition the air to be received by the other areas of the respiratory tract

EMBRYOLOGY
Hypertrophy 3-8 years

Increased cell size

Active hyperplasia 0-3 years

Increases the number of alveoli

Microvascular maturation 0-3 years

fusion of a unique capillary bilayer

Interdental wall thinning

Alveolar 36 weeks and finished

alveoli formation

Development of secondary septa

Saccular 28-35 weeks

Training saccules

Formation of the transitional airspace

Canalicular 17-27 weeks

It appears surfactant

epithelial differentiation

Growth of the capillary bed

Forming acini

Pseudoglandular 7-17 weeks

vascular growth

Development of the bronchial tree to level terminal bronchioles

Occurrence of pulmonary circulation

Embryonic 3-6 weeks

Day 37

The lobar bronchi begin their training

Day 33

the division occurs in two branches Main and lung buds

development of large airways

It originates from the mesoderm