B3: Viruses of Diarrhea

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Viruses of Diarrhea

Finish Rotavirus

Astro

Supportive

All age groups

Highest attack rate?

12 hrs - 3 days

Tissue culture

Duration: 3-7 days

Median duration of viral excretion: 20 days

Rotavirus GI-tis

Symptoms indistinguishable from Rotavirus-induced gastroenteritis except disease is milder

7 serotypes

Star-shaped

Enteric Adeno

No specific AV

Hand washing

Vaccine for military

CAVEAT: Only covers serotypes 4, 7, and 21

8-10 days

Longer than most enteric viruses

Children < 2 y.o.

Group with highest incidence

Not detected by routine techniques

Tissue culture is gold standard for adenoviruses, but enteric adenoviruses (serotypes 40 and 41) are not detected by routine tissue culture techniques.

Molecular techniques used by research labs

DNA probe

Commercial kit

Diarrhea: 5-12 days

Vomiting: 2-3 days

Mild respiratory symptoms

Otherwise indistinguishable

Viral GI-tis

2nd most common cause of viral GI-tis in hospitalized patients

Serotypes 40, 41

..cause what illness?

GI-tis

Capsid

12 pentons

antennae projecting from vertices

Linear DS DNA

Rota

Reoviridae

IV/NG feeding

Contact isolation

Hand-washing

Chemical agents

95% EtOH

Chlorinated phenols

Lysol

Vaccine

Rotatrix

Rotateq

Respiratory?

Water-borne

Shedding

Symptomatic, asymptomatic, or both?

Asymptomatic

Symptomatic

Fomites

DCC

DCC = Day Care Center

Nosocomial

Winter

Culture

Expensive

Electron Microscopy

Not readily available

Latex Agglutination / EIA

Cheap

Readily available

Metabolic acidosis

Explosive watery diarrhea

Vomiting

VP4, VP7

Pathophysiology

Replication

Serology

Genetics

Double-shelled capsid

Outer shell necessary for attachment

Segmented genome

11 segments

Hub-wheel shape

Calici

Treatment

Supportive therapy

ORT

Prevention

Epidemiology

Person

Mostly early childhood

Exception?

Norwalk virus: after 1st decade

Place

Time

Seasonality

Incubation period

1-3 days

Syllabus says "10-50 hrs"

Transmission

Fecal-oral

Diagnosis

Research

EM

Electron microscopy

Molecular

Immunoassay

No commercial kit

Clinical

Flu-like symptoms

Abdominal cramps

Myalgia

Anorexia

Malaise

Headache

Fever

Rotavirus symptoms

How does duration and severity differ?

Duration, severity is less

Characteristics

Similar to Rotavirus

Particles released by death of host cell

Viral replication/assembly in cytoplasm

Icosahedral

Genogroups

Hepatitis E virus

Sapporo-like virus

Snow Mountain Like Virus

Norovirus