Life Cycle & Meiosis

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The Chromosome Complement

Chromosomal Nondisjunction

Monosomics

Trisomics

Down Syndrome

Diploid

2 sets of chromosomes; one inherited from each parent

Gametes

Autosomes

First 22 pairs of chromosomes

Sex Chromosomes

23rd Pair of Chromosome (XX or XY)

Energy Flow in Ecosystems

Living Organisms

Detritivores

Consumers

Tertiary

Secondary

Primary

Produceers

productivity

Primary Prodcutivity

Net Primary Productivity=Gross primary productivity - plant respiration

Ecosystem

group of plants & animals interconncected by energy and mineral flow

Speciation

Adaptive Radiation

development of new species from common ancestor due to adaptations to different environments

Polyploidy

Examples: Tragopogon & Triticum

Unreduced gametes

Hybrids

Tetraploid

May result in new species

State of having more than 2 sets of chromosomes

Population Regulation

Annual Growth Rate

BR - DR / 10

Environmental Resistance

Factors that oppose population growth

Adverse Weather Conditions

Emmigration

Insufficient food

Predations & Pathogens

Diseases

Biotic Potetial

Factors that promote population growth

defense mechanisms

ability to withstand adverse conditions

Rate of reproduction

Carrying Capacity

the maximum individuals of a population that an environment's resources can support

Chromosomes: contain DNA

Species Interactions

Competition

Predation

Resource Partitioning

slight variations in niche that allow species to coexist

Mutualism

limits geographical distribution

soil type

predators and pathogens

competition

precipitaton

temperature

Life Cycle & Meiosis

Mitosis

form of asexual reproduction

single cell division

2 identical daughter cels

Meiosis

gurantees continuity of genetic information from 1 generation to another

Subtopic

Meiosis II

no homologous chromosomes

Chromatid disjunction

4 haploid daugheter cells

Meiosis I

starts with bivalent chromosomes

Anaphase: Chromosome disjunction

2 haploid daugher cells

form of sexual reproduction

2 consecutive cell divisions