Organigram

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Eukarya

Fungi

-Non-motile -Cell walls made of Chitin -Eukaryotic -Heterotrophs (absorb food from outside) -Symbiotic relationships -Spores (single reproductive cell that is released) -Sexual and asexual reproduction

Basidiomycota

-budding or asexual spore formation

Calvatia gigantea

Ascomycota

-fungus undergoes budding or fission

Cordyceps

Zygomycota

-Zygospores following gametangial fusion

Rhizopus stolonifer

-Zoospores attach and feed off host

Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis

Plantae

-Multi-cellular -eukaryotic -Autotrophic -Cell walls of cellulose -Store food as starch -Develop from embryos -Live primarily in terrestrial environments although there are exceptions

Angiosperms

-utilize flowers to attract pollinators

dicots

Mint

monocots

lilies

Gymnosperms

-seed plants with a protected cone over seed

Gnetophyta

Melinjo

Gingkophyta

Maidenhair tree

Cycadophyta

Sago palm

Coniferophyta

Giant sequoia

Seedless Vascular

-true roots -waxy cuticle -vascular tissue

Psilotophyta

Whisk Fern

Lycophyta

Stag's-horn clubmoss

Sphenophyta

Field horsetail

Pterophyta

Eagle fern

Bryophytes

-waxy cuticle -gametangia

Bryophyta

Common liverwort

Anthocerotophyta

Phaeoceros laevis

Marchantiophyta

Crescent-cup liverwort

Animalia

-multicellular -eukaryotic (without chlorophyll) -no cell walls and plastids -free moving (motile) -Bilaterally symmetrical and triploblastic -Have true coelom

Echinodermata

- bilateral symmetry (five-sided symmetry) -echinoderm larvae are ciliated, free-swimming organisms that organize in bilateral symmetry -They have a true coelom.

Crinoids

Sea Cucumbers

Sea star

Sea Urchin

Red sea Urchin

Chordate

-a notochord (a cartilaginous skeletal rod supporting the body) -a dorsal hollow nerve cord -pharyngeal slits -post-anal tail.

Vertebrate

Gnathostomata

Mammalia

Placentals

-Retain young in uterus for a long time of the development -nourished by placenta

Placentals>Marsupials -a fetus is born smaller+less mature without placenta -can't grow because nutrients received are limited

Monotremes

-Lay eggs -Incubate in nest or special pouch

Marsuplials

-Live births -Incompletley developed fetus' -Finish developing in pouch

Marsupials>Monotremes -Live births instead of eggs

Aves

Reptilia

Agnathans

Amphibia

Osteichthyes

Chondrichthyes

Cephalochordates

Tunicata

Chimpanzee

Annalid

-segmented body -tiny hair-like bristles on their outer surface called setae or chaetae -segmentation -well-developed body cavity.

Hirudinea

Oligochaetes

Polychaeta

Nemotode

-bilaterally symmetrical -not segmented -internal body cavity, or coelom (efficient mobility)

Chromadorea

Enoplea

Ascaridida

Cnidaria

-Stinging cells -Two stages in life cycle (polyp & medusa) -Blind sack gut -Radial symmetry -Nerve net

Anthozoa

Cubozoa

Hydrozoa

Scyphozoa

Giant Green Anemone

Porifera

-Body structures are better at filtration -Aysemetric body plan -Reproduce asexually and sexually

Homoscleromorpha

Hexactinellida

Demospongiae

Calcarea

Spongilla lacustris

Platyhelminthes

Tapeworms

-3 germ layers -bilateral symmetry -primitive nervous system

Cestoda

Trematoda

Monogenea

Turbellaria

Arthopods

Silverfish

-chitinous exoskeleton -jointed/segmented appendages -a well-developed head and mouthparts -striated muscles -open circulatory system -dorsal heart.

Crustacea

Nephropidae

Ostracoda

Maxillopoda

Malacostraca

Branchiopoda

Hexapoda

Blattodea

Protura

Insecta

Diplura

Collembola

Chelicerates

Ixodida

Pycnogonida

Merostomata

Eurypterida

Arachnida

Solifugae

Myriapoda

Chilopoda

Pauropoda

Symphyla

Diplopoda

Mollusca

Pacific oyster

-bilateral symmetry -Unsegmented soft body with bilateral symmetry -Presence of an internal or external shell -A toothed tongue (made mostly of chitin) called the radula -A mantle which is a fold in the body wall that lines the shell -Muscular foot (and/or tentacles in some). -Possession of a fluid-filled cavity (coelom)

Cephalopods

Bivalves

Gastropods

Protista

-Usually single celled -Eukaryotic organism -Heterotrophs + Autotrophs -Digest food outside of the body cavity

Fungus-like

-Decompose dead matter to make energy -Absorb nutrients

Dictyostelida

Polysphondylium

Chytridiomycota

Synchytrium endobioticum

Myxomycota

Physarum polycephalum

Oomycota

Potato late blight fungus

Animal-like

-Encircle prey and wraps around to engulf -Lysosomes break down the food

Spore-forming protists

-contraction of intracellular microfilaments

Nephridiophaga blaberi

Ciliates

-Tiny cilia beat to move through water

Paramecium caudatum

Flagellates

-Use flagellum by rotate/whip

Pentatrichomonas hominis

Amoeba-like protists

-Locomotion using light sensing organ -Use pseudopodia to pull themselves forward

Naegleria fowleri

Plant-like

-Photosynthesis -Chloroplast

Dinoflagellates

Lingulodinium polyedra

Diatoms

Skeletonema costatum

Chrysophytes

Golden Algae

Euglenophytes

Euglena gracilis

Bacteria

-lack of membrane- bound organelles -unicellular (single celled) -Prokaryote -DNA found in plasmids

Eubacteria

-Unicellular -Prokaryotes -Cell membrane contains lipids -Chromosome are circular

Spirillum

Coccus

Bacillus

Archaea

-Single celled microorganism -Similar structure as bacteria -Prokaryote -Reproduce asexually -Different DNA structure than bacteria

Archaeabacteria

-Cell membrane contains lipids -Flourish in the absence of Oxygen -Rigid cell wall -Reproduce asexually (binary fission)

Methanobrevibacter -Found in human gut -Cocci shape -Consumes end products of bacterial fermentation