Tree organigram

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Universal Common Ancestor -DNA as genetic storage -Ester bonds in cell membranes

Presence of Histones

Ether Bonds

Archaea

Nucleus and Organelles

Eukarya

Feeding groove, Secondary plastids in photosynthetic species

Excavata

Euglenoids

Unikonta

Opisthokonta

Fungi Nucleariids Common Ancestor

Nucleariids

Kingdom Fungi -Multicellularity -Chitin cell wall -Zygotic life cycle -Absorptive heterotrophy

Black Bread Mold

Fly Agaric

Animal Choanoflagellate Common Ancestor

Choanoflagellates

Kingdom Animalia -Multicellularity -Mobility -Gametic life cycle

Eumetazoa -Tissues

Bilateria -Bilateral body symmetry

Deuterostoma -Triploblasty -Radial and indeterminate embryonic cleavage -Blastophore becomes anus

Chordata -Notochord -Hollow Dorsal Nerve Cord -Post anal tail Pharyngeal slits

Vertebrate Common Ancestor -Vertebral column -Cranium

Gnathostome Common Ancestor -jaws

Osteichthyan Common Ancestor -Lungs -Bony Skeleton

Tetrapod Common Ancestor -Limbs with digits

Amniote Common Ancestor

Mammals -Hair -Milk

Reptiles

Archosaur Common Ancestor

Birds -Endothermy

Crocodilians

Lepidosaurs

Turtles

Amphibians

Lung fish

Lobe-finned fish

Ray-finned fish

Chrondrichthyes -Cartilaginous skeleton

Hagfish -Agnathans

Urochordata

Cephalochordata

-Echinodermata -Water Vascular system

Holothuroidea -No spines or endoskeleton

Echinoidea -No tube arms

Ophiuroidea -No adhesives

Asteroidea -Adhesive chemicals for gripping

Protostomia -Spiral and determinate cleavage -Blastophore becomes mouth -Cephalization

Ecdysozoa -Diploblasty -Ecdysis

Nematoda

Arthropoda

Crustacea -Specialized claw appendages

Hexapoda -Complex organ systems -Metamorphosis

Chelicerata -Claw appendages

Lophotrochozoa -Triploblasty -Trocophore and / or lophophore larvae

Platyhelminthes

Rhabditophorians -Parasitic

Trematoda -Requires host

Cestoda -Lacks mouth and gastrointestinal cavity

Annelida

Mollusca

Bivalvia -Shell divided in two

Gastropoda -soft or hard shell

Cephalopoda -Tentacles

Cnidaria -Radial symmetry -Diploplasty

Anthozoans -polyp form

Meduzozoans

Scyphozoa

Hydrozoa -polyp and medua form

Porifera

Ameobozoa

Pseudopodia

Slime Molds

Primary Plastids

Archaeplastids

Chlorophyte-Plant Common Ancestor

Plant-Charophyte Common Ancestor -Primary plastids

Kingdom Plantae Common Ancestor

-Sporic life cycle -Embryo -Dessication-resistant spores -Apical meristems -Gametangia -Sporangia

Liverworts

Common Ancestor

Mosses

Hornworts

Common Ancestor -Lignin -Xelem/Phloem -Sporophyte (dominant generation) -Thick waxy cuticle -Stomata

Lycophytes

Monilophytes

Seed Plant Common Ancestor -Ovules -Pollen -Seeds -Heterospory -Wood

Angiosperms -Fruit -Endosperm -Ovaries -Flowers

White Water Lily

Southern Magnolia

Gymnosperms

Bald Cypress

Scots Pine

Charophytes -Zygotic life cycle

Chlorophytes

Rhodophytes

SAR Clade

Secondary Plastids

Tripartite flagellar hair

Stramenopila

Giant Kelp

Diatoms

Membranous vesicles on cell membrane

Alveolata

Dinoflagellates

Filose Psuedopodia

Rhizaria

Foraminifera

Radiolarian

Peptidoglycan

Bacteria