UNIT 1 - TENSES

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The "future perfect" refers to an action that will be completed in the future. When to use this tense, we are projecting ourselves into the future and looking back, towards an action at any time after the present. Most of the time, is used with temporary expressions.

Afirmative Sentences

He will have finished

Sujeto+ Will have+ Past participle

I won't have arrived

Sujeto+ won't have+ past participle

Will I have arrived?

Will+ Sujeto+ have+ past participle

The continuous future describes the action that will be developing in the future and will be interrupted. The verb which interrupts are in simple present.

Afirmative Sentences

He will have been playing

Sujeto+ will have been+present participle

Negative Sentences

I won't have been living

Sujeto+ won't have been+ present participle

Interrogative Sentences

Will I have been studying?

Will+ Sujeto+ have been+ present participle

We use shall to ask somebody's opinion

Shall I open the window?

Shall we go?

We use I'll ( I will) when we decide to do something at the time of speaking

Interrogative Sentences

Will+ subjet+ main verb

Will they be happy to see you

Negative Sentences

Subjet+ will not+ verb

She will not (won't) arrive late

Affirmative Sentences

Subjet+ will+ main verb

I will call you tonight

We use the future simple to describe actions that are going to develop in the future

Will

Shall

Alredy

Just

Yet

Ever

Just: a short time ago We use alredy to say that something happened sooner than expected. Yet: Until now, and shows that the speaker is expecting something to happen.

Present perfect simple is have/has+past participle. The past participle often ends in -ed, but many important verbs are irregular like be (been).

To give new information or to announce a recent happening

Ow! I've cut my finger

When we use the present perfect there is always a connectiom with now. The action in the past has a result now.

Where is your key? -I don't know, I've lost it

You can use the present perfect with just, alredy and yet

When we talk about a period of time that continues from the past until now.

Diference between gone(to) an been (to)

Jim is away. He has gone to Spain = he is there now or on his way there

Jane is back home from holiday now. She has been in Italy = she has now come back from Italy

We use present perfect with today/this morning/this evening etc. when these periods are not finished.

While

When

As

We use the past continuous to say that somebody was in the middle of doing something at a certain time. The action had alredy started before this time but had not finished.

For something that was happening again and again

I was practising every day, three times a day. They were meeting secretly after school.

To show that something continued for some time

Everyone was shouting

with verbs which show change or growth

The children were growing up quickly. Her English was improving

Yesterday

In

In 1990, for example

Last

At the moment

Now

Currently

Still

Adverbs of Frequence

Normally

Often

Sometimes

Every day/ Every Week...

Always

Seldom

First

Never

Then

Usually

Is used to talk about actions or situations in the past.

Very often the past simple ends in -ed (regular verbs) But many verbs are irregular like write, see or go.

In questions and negatives we use did/didn't + infinitive

Any person+didn't+verb in infinitive form.

NEGATIVE

Did+Any person+verb in infinitive form.

QUESTION

I+enjoyed She+went They+saw

AFIRMATIVE

We use it with finished actions, states or habits in the past when we know that the time period has finished. This includes when the person we are talking about is dead.

FUTURE USES

For definite future arrangements (with a future time word). In this case we have already made a plan and we are sure that the event will happen in the future.

PRESENT USES

We can use the present continuous for temporary situations that happened in a concrete period of time.

Things that are happening at the moment.

We can also use this tense for other kinds of temporary situations, even if the action isn't happening at this moment.

For habits that are not regular, but that happen very often.

We use the present simple to talk about things in general. Also, we use it to say that something happens all the time or repeatedly, or that something is true in general.

Key Words

When is: he/she/it, we add an -s

We use "do" for I/we/you/they and "does" for he/she/it to make questions and negative sentences

I/we/you/they+ don't +verb He/she/it+doesn't+verb

NEGATIVE QUESTIONS

do+ I/we/you/they+verb does+he/she/it+verb

INTERROGATIVE QUESTIONS

UNIT 1 - TENSES

Present simple (I do)

Past Continuous (I was doing)

Future Perfect Continuous

Future Simple ( I will do)

Present Continuous (I am doing)

Past Simple (I did)

Present perfect (I have done)

Future Perfect