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Definition

Is a "form of self-reflective enquiry undertaken by participants in social situations in order to improve the rationality and justice of their own practices

Empiricism

This maintains that man produces knowledge by the direct and neutral observation of reality.

Epistemological bases

Logical positivism

This begins with the postulation of a hypothesis which has to be tested rigorously. There can be more than one interpretation of the reality, but all variables have to be controlled.

Dialectical materialism

This views on production of knowledge related to specific historical and social contexts. It follows that reality changes constantly, then knowledge is an understanding of these changes

Pragmatism

This verifies the union of knowledge and reality based on experimental practice

Structuralism

This focuses on knowledge and theory as two sharpy separated domains. It means real objects exist independently of knowledge, and knowledge occurs by itself.

Components

Consideration

Collaboration

Commitment

Concern

Change

Uses

Situations that imply flexibility, participants' involvement and immediate changes.

Real situations rather than experimental studies due to the fact that it focuses on solving real problems.

Characteristics

Enhances learning and policy making

Helps researcher examines the everyday and policy making

Is participatory and democratic.