Categories: All - productivity - responsibility - authority - leadership

by Nyah Nanton - Robert H Lagerquist Sr PS (1473) 1 year ago

264

Charles Spaulding

Deming's influential contributions to the Japanese manufacturing industry are vividly illustrated by his 14 points, which emphasize leadership, quality control, and effective management practices.

Charles Spaulding

Floating topic

May not apply to every industry or company and may require a different approach to management.

Self-fulfillment needs

Psychological needs

Basic needs

Out of the crisis

In 1986 he published Out of the crisis which documented the thinking and practice that had led to the transformation of the Japanese manufacturing industry.



Charles Spaulding

Quiet quitting
Quiet quitting is when people stop working and giving it their all to a job without resigning. One of the major reasons to this issue is due to not following the Fundament necessities posed by Charles Spaulding and the hierarchy of needs by Abraham Maslow. Causing disruption amongst the needs of the individual leads to not feeling like they are valued and the company does not respect them enough to satisfy their needs as well. Due to this, employees will start becoming disengaged and start quit quietly. Therefore, it is essential for companies to respect the needs of a person and keep those needs met all times to avoid quiet quitting.
This excess use of technology to continuously monitor each and every step of an employees impacts the Maslow's Hierarchy of needs and Spaulding's fundamental necessities. Employers are not giving their employee enough space and do not respect their privacy. This affect the fundamental necessity of a person's emotional needs and contradicts with Spaulding's theory. As a result of this, employees would now not be their optimal best. It also contradicts with Maslow's Hierarchy of needs and affects the psychological section of the hierarchy. This causes employees' esteem level to take a hit and feel like they are not working enough and their work is not recognized and acknowledged. It also creates people feeling like they do not belong in the workplace and will contribute to the great resignation. Therefore, it is important companies know the balance between monitoring employees and stripping away freedom from employees.

Peter Drucker

Born in Vienna, Austria 1909-2005

Adequate Manpower

Abraham Maslow

believes that people always have an existing desire to be self-actualised to be everything they can
To achieve this goal, firstly a list of needs should be met
Hierarchy of needs
A
Growth Needs

5.Self-actualisation

Peak experiences, according to Abraham Maslow, are associated with happiness. He mentions earlier that self-actualized individuals frequently report feeling happier and more content with their lives in a steady, grounded manner. Maslow claims that self-actualizing individuals have an accurate perception of reality and a sense of wonder, astonishment, and thankfulness for life. Instead of being self-centered, they are problem-centered, centred on how to get better, and not deficiency-centered. They are free thinkers who aren't heavily impacted by pop culture.

Business relation - Give employees the opportunity to think big, to be creative, to have a vision for the future, to reinvent, and provide direct input to senior leadership.

Deficiency needs

4.Esteem

Abraham Maslow believed that there was a distinct difference between respect or regard and love. He believed that experiencing love and acceptance from families and communities gave rise to the capacity to feel one's own sense of self-worth and individuality. As individuals, we naturally want to succeed or stand out, to be recognised for our special skills and abilities. One has the psychological freedom to be creative and evolve as well as the ability to be more giving to others once they have a certain level of self-esteem and confidence.

Business relation - Empowerment. Public praise. Employee recognition programs. Understanding that each person's job contributes to the ultimate success of the company. Making everyone feel valued and important.

3.Love/Belonging

Humans are social beings, family, friends, and close relationships help many people cope through life's ups and downs. Numerous studies have revealed that those who are most healthy and happy frequently take an active role in their communities.While a lack of social engagement, human connections, and a feeling of community can lead to sadness or loneliness, an excess of love and community can frequently help people get through challenging times.

Business relation - Give everyone the opportunity to be heard. Create a sense of community. Coworkers are part of something bigger than themselves. They have a clear understanding of a value-centered mission.

2.Safety

The second tier of human requirements includes psychological, economic, social, and occupational security. Although physiological demands are more urgent and demanding, losing one's work, family, home, life savings, health insurance, etc. is likely to make one feel incredibly vulnerable and unprotected. A bumper or airbags on a car; while you don't always need them, having them gives you some confidence that you can endure minor bumps and bruises on the road of life. This is how fulfilling the safety needs may be compared.

Business relation - Treat coworkers with respect. Allow them the freedom to take risks and not be harshly criticized or humiliated.

1.Physiological

The physiological needs, such as those for breathing, eating, drinking, sleeping, having sex, and excreting, areprimaryand clearphysiological needs. People become focused with meeting their wants above all else when they are not met. For instance, persons in a conflict zone who are starving may be unaware of danger while looking for food.

Business relation - Safe work environment. Proper lighting. Clean facilities. Airflow. Heat. The correct tools to do the best job.

Believed these needs play a major role in motivation
suggests people are motivated to fulfil basic needs before moving on to other, more advanced needs.
In New York he found two more mentors, anthropologist Ruth Benedict and Gestalt psychologist Max Wertheimer
Found a mentor in University of Wisconsin who also became his doctoral advisor: Harry Harlow
worked as a professor at Brandeis University from 1951 to 1969
Earned a Bachelors, Masters and a Doctorate in Psychology from the University of Wisconsin
Studied law at City College of New York
Died June 8, 1970 in California
Died of a heart attack
Born April 1, 1908 in Brooklyn, New York

Cooperation and Teamwork

Henri Fayol

Contemporary Workplace Issues
Virtual/Augmented Reality

This goes over the use of technology in the workplace. In Fayol's management principles he talks about innovation and adaptability to change in order to increase productivity. This directly relates to VR/AR as this way we are upgrading the system. Charles Spaulding also relates as he emphasizes innovation and efficiency. With technology we can save much more time and be way more productive and creative with work.

Employee monitoring

This goes over the use of technology to see the behavior and productivity of employees. This connects to two of Fayol's principles, coordinating and controlling. By installing monitoring it would allow more control and allow every thing to be more organized. Charles Spaulding goes more over integrity, so his principles would cover employee privacy.

The great Resignation

This refers to many people leaving their jobs in order to get another job that is better for them. Charles Spaulding described the importance of motivating and developing employees to contribute to organizations. While on the other hand, Henri Fayol's management principles also included motivating and developing employees but also effective communication and decision making to make employees stay.

Fayol wrote about motivating people by inspiring initiative and making sure people have the time and training they need to be happy and productive at work.
Fayol believes that every manager performs five universal functions in daily work including planning, organizing, commanding, coordinating, and controlling. He believes that these functions were necessary for success, regardless of the size of the organization. These management functions have a significant impact on modern management theory and are still widely used today for understanding the role of managers in an organization. He believes that all managers should perform these functions no matter their level in the hierarchy in order to be more effective.
As Fayol believed in these five functions, Charles Spaulding emphasizes more on the principles of service, efficiency, innovation, integrity, and community involvement.
Beliefs about good management and organisational practices
There should always be clear communication between employees and their supervisors.
All employees should be paid fairly for the work that they provide the organisation.
In order to establish discipline there must be mutual respect among everyone and in order to do this structure needs to be set and met by everyone. Disobeying these rules shouldn't be allowed. In order to do this good supervision and judgement should be set. Employees should work happily towards the same objective.
An employee should be doing a specific task that is in their skill set instead of multi-tasking and doing many tasks simultaneously. This way the employee will become more efficient and skilled at what they are doing which will increase productivity.
If a team is working on the same project they should be supervised by only one manager.
An employee should only receive orders from one supervisor, if this does not happen authority, discipline, and stability will fall.
He believes that managers should be skilled and trained in the field of management rather than just providing financial output. This way the organisation is run most efficiently and effectively with decisions being based more on expertise.
He believes that ownership and management should be treated as two separate roles. Ownership refers to people who invested money in the organization and provide financial abilities to its success, while management refers to people who are responsible for running everyday operations in the organization.
Mangers need technical, conceptual, interpersonal, communication, and decision making skills
14 Management Principles
Esprit de corps
Initiative
Equity
Order
Scalar chain
Centralization
Remuneration
Subordination of individual interest to the general interest
Unity of direction
Unity of Command
Discipline
Stability of tenure of personnel
Death in year 1952
Born in Galata, in the suburbs of Constantinople, Turkey in 1841.
Made significant contributions to modern management theory and were both influential business leaders
Both emphasized the importance of effective leadership in organizational management.

They both believed in the importance of developing employees skills and abilities and empowering them to contribute to the organizations success.

They both believed that companies have a responsibility to support and invest into their communities.

While Fayol helped build the foundation of modern management theory, Charles Spaulding helped African Americans in the business world. As at the time they were treated bad due to racism/discrimination.

They were both committed to running successful organizations that helped their customers and employees.

Both recognized the importance of communication, decision making, organizational management, efficiency and productivity.

Subtopic

Fayol’s theories are criticized for neglecting the importance of human behavior and motivation. His main focus is more on hierarchy and structure and this may not include interpersonal relationship issues. For example, workers may not be able to contribute their unique ideas and perspectives due to the hierarchy structure.

Still used even today in many business and organizations all around the world

Some people argue that his theories are outdated and are no longer relevant. His approaches may not be suitable for super flexible and fast-paced environments.

Authority and Responsibility

Organizations should have a clear hierarchy of authority
This means that every person in the organization should know who to report things to and who they are responsible for, and who has power over them. There has to be a clear chain of levels of authority in the organization.
Beginning in the summer of 1950, he taught top managers and engineers the methods for improving how they worked and learned together.
both says that "A culture of leadership accountability should be established in all organizations"
Deming created 14 points which provide a framework to developing knowledge in the workplace and can be used to guide long term business plans and aims.

Deming not only developed and made his 14 points of excellence famous, but also brought about a new way of thinking about business management.

how his theories has been applied in real-world business contexts and their life

late 1930s, Deming, a professor of statistics at New York University, developed the so-called “statistical process control,” a philosophy that would revolutionize car production using statistics as a tool to achieve better quality control

His theories were applied at manufacturing companies across Japan, and led to hugely increased productivity, earning him an excellent reputation for reducing expenses and increasing productivity

At Worximity, the 14 points in manufacturing have influenced our Smart Factory analytics that make factories more productive and reliable in the industry.

Toyota and Sony are high-profile examples of companies that applied Deming's 14 points and helped Japan become a world manufacturing leader

they both think that labor and leadership must unite together to make a change

W. Edwards Demin

he states: 'The central problem in management and in leadership...is failure to understand the information in variation'
theory of management
Deming's theory of management details the steps that must be taken to transform a company's quality culture.

It is a theory that says that solving issues as they arise is necessary. With the fundamental objective of achieving customer happiness, a culture of continual improvement must be created and promoted.

Deming’s Theory informs that there is always a solution within the workings of the system

deming's theory

Deming’s Theory is a management philosophy based on systems theory, originally prototyped for use in the automotive industry with Toyota. It turned out that this systems-focused improvement framework translated well to many other industries, including healthcare.

Early Years (1900–1993)
he was born on October 14, 1900 in Sioux City, Iowa

division of labour

Max weber

Theory of Bureaucracy
Weber has 6 main theories of bureaucracy

specialization and division of labor

it would help individuals to transform within their organizations, which would, in turn, improve the outcomes in quality improvement efforts

Weber stated that a well-functioning bureaucracy that was designed with the division of labor in mind it would be more orderly and productive than one without it.

Without labor division, people would have to tasks that they are not equipped and know not enough about and do the task wrong becomes unorganized and incorrect.

the both believe that division of work is effective

Authority Hierarchy

Weber believed that Chains of command, and Positional roles or functions in an organization creates power dynamics with those at higher levels giving commands to those lower down in rank its implemented to formalized rules for who gets to give orders to whom within an organization.

impersonality

Weber believed that the relationship between employee and employer should be professional and that would prevent favoritism and promote decision making only based on criteria and solid facts rather then have choices made by the opinions of other employees.

Career Orientation

this means that every employee should have their own special and unique skills that are beneficial to the job assigned them. it also means that since its the employers job to match employees to the right path but also give them a career pathway to help achieve higher positions based on their skill orientation.

formal selection process

All employees are to be selected based on the technical knowledge and ability that they show through formal a examination, training or education that they might have.

its also referred to as Formal Rules and Regulations which means a standard operating procedure that informs workers about how to handle tasks and situations to be fit for the job

standard operating procedures

Weber believed that there should be set rules and polices which are the guidelines about how things should be done so that would keep the mangers in place. as well as the lower level employees

what is a bureaucracy

The term bureaucracy refers to a complex organization that has many layers to their systems and processes. The systems and processes that are put in place effectively make decision-making slow without any bias from other employees. They are designed to maintain uniformity and control within the organization.

The term bureaucracy is often criticized and deemed negative because of the implication that procedures are more important than efficiency. which proves to be problematic in today's society when customers and employees should be at the top of the business pyramid

born April 21st 1864-1920 in Erfur Germany