This / that / these / those

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This / that / these / those

THOSE

EX. Those toys are dirty. Esos juguetes están sucios.

(Esos/as, aquellos/as)

It is used when we talk about more than one element that is at a certain distance from the speaker.

THESE

EX. These shoes are old. Estos zapatos son viejos.

(Estos/as)

It is used when we talk about more than one element that is a short distance from the speaker.

The demonstrative determiners in English do not distinguish between gender (masculine / feminine) but number (singular / plural).

THAT

EX. That boy is my cousin. Aquel chico es mi primo.

(Eso/e/a, aquel, aquello/a)

It is used when we talk about a single element that is at a certain distance from the speaker.

THIS

EX. This vase is very expensive. Este jarrón es muy caro.

(Esto/e/a)

It is used when we talk about a single element that is a short distance from the speaker.

Demonstrative determiners are mostly used to specify or designate people, animals or things based on their proximity or remoteness taking into account the speaker's position