Categories: All - bacteria - dna - plants - seeds

by Hailey Prinner 3 years ago

208

Universal Ancestor * DNA as Genetic Storage * Ester Bonds in Cell Membranes

The text explores the evolutionary lineage and key characteristics of various life forms, starting from the universal ancestor. It highlights the role of DNA as genetic storage and contrasts the structural differences in cell membranes, such as ester bonds in bacteria and ether bonds in archaea.

Universal Ancestor
* DNA as Genetic Storage
* Ester Bonds in Cell Membranes

Universal Ancestor * DNA as Genetic Storage * Ester Bonds in Cell Membranes

Common Ancestor of Archaea and Eukarya * Histones Present

Eukarya * Presence of Membrane-Bound Nucleus * Presence of Membrane-Bound Organelles
Unikonta

Amebozoa: movement with pseudopodia

slime molds

Nucleariid (Nuclearia thermophila)

Opisthokonta

Fungi: *Chitin cell wall *zygotic

Fly Agaric (Amanita muscaria)

Black Bread Mold (>Rhizopus stolonifer)

Common ancestor of animals and choanoflagellates

Choanoflagellates (Desmarella moniliformis): *unicellular *mobility with flagella *form colonies

(Desmarella moniliformis)

common ancestor of animals : *Multicellular *absorptive heterotrophy *

Animals: *Mobility *Gametic *

eumetoza *tissues

bilateria *bilateral symmetry *tripoblasty *cephalization

Protostomia *spiral and determinate clevage *blastopore becomes mouth

ecdysozoa *ecdysis

Arthropoda

crustecea

Chesapeake Blue Crab (Callinectes sapidus)

hexapoda

Monarch butterfly (Danaus plexippus)

chelicerata

Southern Black Widow (Latrodectus mactans)

Nematoda

Roundworm (Caenorhabditis elegans)

Lophotrocozoa *Trocophore larvae *lophophore

platyhelminthes

free-living rhabditophorans

Pseudobiceros sp.

Sheep Liver Fluke (Fasciola hepatica)

cestoda

Pork Tapeworm (Taenia solium)

teramatoda

mollusca

gastropoda *stomach foot

Golden Apple Snail (Pomacea canaliculata)

cephalopoda

Humboldt squid (Dosidicus gigas)

bivalvia

Annelida

sedentaria

errantia

Common Earthworm (Lumbricus terrestris)

Deuterostomia *radial and indeterminate clevage *blastopore becomes anus

chordata

cephalochordata

Branchiostoma lanceolatum

vertebra: :Notochord :Hollow dorsal nerve chord :Pharyngeal slits :Post anal tail :Cranium :Vertebral column

jawless vertebrates

vertebrate ancestor with jaw

Bony fish ancestor *bony skeleton

Lobe finned fishes

tetrapod ancestor *lung derivatives

ancestor with limbs with digits

amniota: *amniotic sacs

Mammilia: endothermy mammary glands hair

Ursus americanus

reptilia

lepidosaurs

snakes

lizards

Green anole (Anolis carolinensis)

amphibian

Red Eyed Tree Frog (Agalychnis callidryas)

lung fish

Leopard lungfish (Protopterus aethiopicus)

Coelacanth (Latimeria chalumnae)

ray finned fishes

Blue Tang (Paracanthurus hepatus)

agnathans

Pacific Hagfish

euchordata

Sea Squirt (Polycarpa aurata)

common ancestor

hemichordata

echinodermata *water vascular system

echinoidea

Purple Sea Urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

holothuroidea

California sea cucumber (Apostichopus californicus)

asteroidea

Giant Sea Star (Pisaster giganteus)

ophiurodea

Serpent Star (Ophiura ophiura)

cnidaria *radial symmetry *diploblasty

Elkhorn coral (Acropora palmata)

scyphozoa *dominant medusa

hydrozoa *alternating between medusa and polyp

Pennaria disticha

anthozoa *dominant polyp

bilateria

Soft Shell Clam (Mya arenaria)

Moon Jelly (Aurelia aurita)

Porifera

Giant Barrel Sponge (Xestospongia muta)

Excavata: *Feeding groove

euglenoids

SAR clade

Common ancestor of Stramenopila and alveota *secondary plastids

stramenopila: tripartite flagellar hair

diatoms

Giant Kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera)

Alveolata: membranous vesicles on cell membrane

dinoflagellate

Rhizaria: *Fillose pseudopodia

foraminiferas

radiolarians

Archaeplastida

common ancestor of chlorophytes, charophytes, and land plants

Common ancestor of charophytes and land plants

Land Plants: *Sporic life cycle *embryos *apical meristems *gametangia *Sporangia *Desiccation resistant spores

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Common Ancestor of seedless vascular plants: *lignin *xylem and phloem *Leaves *Dominant Sporophyte generation *Thick waxy cuticle *Stomata

Common Ancestor of Monilophytes, Gymnosperms, and angiosperms *Megaphyls

Common Ancestor of seed plants: *seeds *Pollen *Wood *Heterospory *ovules

Angiosperms: *Flowers *Fruit *Endosperm *Ovaries

white water lily

Southern Magnolia (Magnolia grandiflora)

Gymnosperms

bald cypress

scots Pine

monilophytes

Eastern Marsh Fern (Thelypteris palustris)

lycophytes

Fan clubmoss (Diphasiastrum digitatum)

hornworts

Field hornwort (Anthoceros agrestis)

mosses

Woolly Feather Moss (Tomentypnum nitens

liverworts

Common Liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha)

Charophytes

Braun's stonewort (Chara braunii)

zygotic life cycle ancestor

chlorophyta

chlorophytes

rhodophytes

Archaea * Ether Bonds in Cell Membranes

Bacteria * Presence of Peptidoglycan in Cell Wall

Escherichia coli