Shimer-Macromolecules

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Shimer-Macromolecules

Lipids

Fats

Saturated Fats

Solid at Room Temperature

Long, Straight Chains

No C=C double bonds

All C's bonded to H's

Unsaturated Fats

(Actual Chain is Bent)

Vegetable Oils

Liquid at Room Temperature

Plant and Fish Fats

Bend in chain

C=C double bonds

Non-Polar and Hydrophobic

Fats, Oils, Phosphlipids, Steroids

Structure of a Phospholipid

Phospholipids are found in the cell membrane

Energy Storage, Cushions Organs, Insulates Body

Triglyceride

Proteins

When a protein loses its shape it is called DENATURING

Temperature and pH can denature a protein

Peptide bonds are the special bonds that keep them together

The R group changes between them to make them unique

The shape allows proteins to do their jobs

There are four different layers of Proteins

Muscle, Skin, Hair, Enzymes

Hormones, Movement in Muscles, Immune System, ENZYMES, Transport

Amino Acid

Carbohydrates

Cellulose in Nature: Structure in plants (cell walls) Cellulose in American Diet: Fiber

Pants-Starch, Animal-Glycogen

Glucose,Fructose, Sucrose, Maltose

Sugars end with -OSE

Sugars, Starches, Cellulose, Glycogen

Carbon Ring(Hexagon)

Energy Storage, Quick Energy, Structure

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Monosaccharide

Nucleic Acids

Phosphate Group, Nucleotide, and a Pentose Sugar make up a Nucleic Acid

Stores and Transmits Hereditary Information

RNA and DNA

RNA is a single nucleotide chain and DNA is a double nucleotide chain (double helix)

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, AND Nitrogen

Nucleotide