The Plantation of Ulster, Christmas Test
Ulster
9 Year War
Elizebeth tries to reduce independence by appointing English people
Ulster people win the 2 big battles because they use guerilla tactics against superior English forces. Battles of Yellow ford and clontibret
Earl of essex killed by Elizebeth because he had to made peace with the Ulster lads. Elizebeth appoins mountjoy instead.
Ireland gets help from Spain but they accidently land in Kinsale, co cork, O Neill and more go to help them in the middle of winter
Battle of Kinsale: Irish lose even with superior numbers, rebels escape with O Donnell, but Mountjoy makes them surrender at the treaty of Melifont in 1603 by starving them. He burnt their land and killed their cows. O Donnell went to Spain but was poisoned there and died.
Eventually O Neill and all leaders of Ulster leave on a boat, Flight of the Earls
Hugh o Neill
2nd earl of Tyrone, born in 1550
Brought up by English people and knows their tactics in armies and wars
Makes an alliance with the o donells, trains his tenants and prepares for wars.
Gallowglaiss
O donnell and o neill always fight
Ulster, what king James I wanted
To spread English Culture
Pay other countries and soldiers using mostly Irish land
Spread the religion
Protect England
Create loyal protestant population
Plantation of Ulster involved: , Antrim and Derry were private lands
The irish that remained loyal were called, loyal irish, such as the O'Reillys of Monaghan
Armagh
Fermanagh
Tyrone
Derry
Cavan
Donegal
The Undertakers
Loyal Irish payed the most, 12.50 euro per 1000 acres
Raparees were poor Irish people who attacked the Servitors and Undertakers to survive
Servitors were past military officials that needed paying. 10 euro per 1000 acres
Bawn: was the protective wall around the house/castle
Depending of the size of the land they would build houses of various sizes and if you got a lot, you needed to build a castle,
6 euro per 1000 acres to the king
Scottish/Engllish men who agreed on conditions
London Guilds
All the catholics lived outside it in the 'Bogside'
Diamond: a square in the middle of the city
Walled city, cannons pointed towards the low bogside
Grid like, planned town
Derry was renamed londonderry and split between 12 rich lords
Influence on Identity
Symbols
Conflicts, see above
Land
Gaelic culture declining
Brehon law gone
Religion declining
Cromwell Plantation
king james, catholic, siege of derry
Catholics surrounded the city and blocked off the water
Protestant Ascendancy
The people the catholic people paid rent to
Penal Laws
Anti Catholic and Presbyterian laws
1641 the massacre of protestants ,1689 battle of the boyne
King William III vs Earl of ormond
1689
Killed 12,000 settlers
Irish Rebellion
Orange order
Society of Protestant, always commemorate the battle of the boyne
Types of people
Unionists
Want to remain with the U.K
Nationalists
Want Independance
Munster plantation
Imprisons him while she calls him over to England for a meeting
Is not happy with the earl of desmond because he is fighting with her friend the earl of Ormond
Elizebeth I, daughter of henry the eighth
O'Moores and O'Connors
Used Black Rent, protection money, you paid them, they wouldn't attack you
Laois Offaly plantation
Queen mary
Plantations
Was the policy of removing irish people from their lands and putting in loyal english settlers (planters) who would rent the lands from under the crown.
Surrender and Regrant
King henry 8th basically offered protection as long as you swore loyalty, your land was his for now, provide him with money, the other downside was that if you betrayed him, death was the penalty
Gaelic lords
Long hair, beards
Dressed in robes etc
Brehon law was followed unlike the pale
Spoke irish
When a king passes, the family elects a new succesor
16th Century
RIchard de clare/strongbow
English creates anglo irish
Marries dermots daughter and takes his land when he dies
Dermot Mc Murrough
King of leinster
Fights and loses to King of Ireland Rory o Connor
England controlled the pale, which was an area which spoke English around Dublin and surrounding areas.
Backround and causes
Flight of the Earls 1607
Treaty of Melifont 1603
Battle of Kinsale 1601
Phillip II and spainish help
Nine years war
Resistance by Hugh o Neill and Hugh o Donnell
English government try to impose English law and he Protestant religion
Gaelic society strong in Ulster
