5 Scientific Technique

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Scientific Techniques

Survey

Sample of 800 americans were phoned to respond to a questionnare

Cannot offer any insights, into cause and effect relationships

inaccuracy of the data

Misunderstanding of the Question

Poor memory

Intentional Deception

Relies on self report method of data collection

Collect data on aspects of behaviour difficult to observe directly

ex. Suicidal thought

asses attitudes and opinions on a variety of subjects

Used in social and natural sciences

data collected via interviews or questionnare

Inferences about behaviour

Non-experimental descriptive approach

Case study

studying a historical character from historical documents

Faulty data

Data loss from previous records

recorded by different people

No ideas of general group

No cause effect Relationshop

Getting Contextual View

Natural Phenomenon

Individuals

Indepth study of

Physical Phenomenon(Natural Science)

Indivdual (Social Science)

Depends on recorded observations

Not experimental

Naturalistic Observation

Kills finally after four repetions and kills the prey

adult would then attack from the other direction

dive at the fox from behind

Observing wild birds copertivly hunting

Difficult to code results.

Hard not to disrupt the behaviour

Time consuming

describes but doesnt explain

Uses Nature as a Lab

observe normal settings

nonexperimental approach used in real life

records behavior or phenomenon

carefully observe

Correlation

Predators number increases, preys increase because of postivie correlation.

Doesnt prove causation

Often forgotten

Used as prediction

used when unethical or impractical

Descriptive

Non experimental

Statistical tool

Relationship between two or more of behaviors.

Experimental

Example

result: confined birds lose half brain cells compared to environment birds

control group: free birds in natural enviornment

confining some birds with some seeds

Limitations

highly controlled setting, unlike artifical setting of less controlled complex world

can only be used when it is practical and ethical

Strengths

used practically & ethically

to manipulate the variables

detects cause-and-effect relationships

Description

See results of dependent variables affected by the independent.

highly controlled conditions

manipulating a variable (independent)