Language learning strategies (LLS) can be categorized into several key areas, each serving a distinct function in facilitating the acquisition of a new language. Cognitive strategies involve making connections between new information and what is already known, often using techniques like grouping, note-taking, and translation.
The interaction with other learners to improve language learning and cultural understanding
Affective
on of emotions, motivation and attitude towards learning
Compensatory
Using context to make up for missing information in reading and writing
Metacognitive
Controlling own cognition through the co-ordination of the planning, organisation and evaluation of the learning process
Mnemonic
Making associations between new and already known information through use of formula, phrase, verse
Cognitive
Making associations between new and already known information
Rubin (1987)
Social Strategies
Contribute indirectly towards learning
Activities that expose learners to practise their knowledge
Communication Strategies
Less directly related to language learning since their focus is on the process of participating in a conversation and getting meaning across or clarifying what the speaker intended.
O'Malley (1985)
Socioeffective Strategies
Cooperation and questions for clarification
Metacognitive Strategies
Strategies which require planning for learning, thinking about learning process, monitoring of ones production comprehension and evaluating learning after an activity is completed
