Concept Map 1

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trans & cis

Examples

Concept Map 1

Biomolecules

Lipids

Steroids

4 fused carbon rings

Hormones

Cholesterol

Low-Density Lipoprotein

deposits extra cholesterol in blood cells which can lead to plaque buildup.

High-Density Lipoprotein

helps remove excess cholesterol by taking it to the liver for excretion

Phospholipids

Function

forms phospholipid bilayers in cell membrane

amphipathic

phosphate group

2 fatty acids

glycogen

Triglycerides (Fats)

fatty acids (3)

Unsaturated

liquid at room temp.

double bonds

Saturated

solid at room temp.

No double bonds

Glycerol

Carbohydrates

Polysaccharides

Structural

Cellulose

linear structure

b (1,4) glycosidic linkages

No branching

Storage

Glycogen (animals)

Extensively Branched

Starch (plants)

Amylopectin

a (1,4), a (1,6) glycosidic linkages

Branched

Amylose

helical structure

a (1,4) glycosidic linkages

Unbranched

Disaccharides

Maltose(glucose+glucose)

Lactose (glucose+galactose)

Sucrose (glucose+fructose)

Monosaccharides

Aldoses

Ketoses

Trioses (3C)

Pentoses (5C)

Hexoses (6C)

Proteins

Structure

Quatenary

multiple tertiary protiens

Tertiary

Disulfide Bonds

R group interactions

Secondary

H-Bonds

Alpha + Beta Structures

Primary

Amino Acids

Peptide Bonds

DNA/RNA

Monomer

Nucleic Acids

Phosphate Group

Nitrogenous Base

RNA

U

DNA

A,T,C,G

Pentane Sugar

Ribose=RNA

Deoxyribose=DNA

Polymer

DNA= 2x strand RNA= 1 strand

Phosphodiester Linkage (5,3)

Eukaryotic/ Prokaryotic Cells

Double Membrane Bounded

Cells in plants and animals

Nucleus

Chromatin

Nucleolus

Nuclear Envelope

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Rough ER

Smooth ER

Cytoskeleton

microtubules

microfilaments

Golgi Apparatus

responsible for the synthesis and secretion of a cells products

Plasma Membrane

Mitochondria

where cellular respiration occurs and ATP is generated

Plant Cells

Cell Wall

maintains cell shape and protects cells from mechanical damage

Central Vacuole

used for storage, breaking down waste & hydrolysis of macromolecules

Plasmodesmata

channels through cell walls that connects the cytoplasm of adjacent cells

Chloroplast

converts energy of sunlight to chemical energy stored in sugar cells

Animal Cells

Lysosomes

Where macromolecules are hydrolized

Centrosome

region where microtubules are initiated

Domains of life

Eukarya

Bacteria

Components

Fimbrae

Cell Wall

Flagellum

Plasma Membranes

Ribosomes

Nucleoid

Archaea

Extremophiles

Extreme Halophiles

methanogens

Extreme thermophiles

Chemical Bonds

Intermolecular Forces

Ionic (electrons transferred)

Covalent (electrons shared)

Electronegativity

<2.5

nonpolar

>2.5

Polar

Water Properties

Structure Based

Hydrophobic/Hydrophilic Interactions

High Surface Tension

Universal Solvent

Temperature Based

High Specific Heat

Expands when Freezing

Denser as a liquid

High Heat of vaporization

Intramolecular Interactions

Hydrophobic Interactions

Van der Waals

Hydrogen Bonding

Ion-Dipole

Dipole-Dipole