Categorias: Todos - self-esteem - literature - interventions - applications

por Matthias Behrends 4 anos atrás

280

Self-Esteem

Self-esteem is characterized by confidence and satisfaction in oneself and can be influenced by both implicit and explicit factors. Self-worth is often distinguished from self-esteem but is closely related.

Self-Esteem

Self-Esteem

Interventions

Processing of Emotions
Emotional Stabilization
Inner Safe Place
Resource Work

(Happiness without performing)

"getting the recognition/... I am due"

due

Feeling safe

deeper

Overcoming a challenge

the obvious...

Positive affirmations
The specific content of the positive affirmation

will accordingly change over longer periods - given the self-esteem level has changed due to other interventions

has to be adjusted to the self-esteem level the individual is on

have to be applied/used

over a longer period of time

repetitively

e.g.

exercises

audios

Effectiveness

at the same time, it must be remembered that the 1-2 increment (on a scale of 10) is a hard limit of this approach alone

therefore, best to be used in combination with other interventions

can increase self-esteem max. 1-2 points

this can be enough for some situations and sometimes feel like a breakthrough for the individual

Overview

Examples

music (wichout lyrics)

resonates through associations the individual has or creates related to specific music

for example the soundtrack to a film might carry an affirmative affirmation for an individual while the music does not or does have lyrics

motivational music

including vocals

is basically an affirmative speech

affirmative speeces/audios

Pep talks

frequent and common

Applications
...to increase self-esteem

Measures

Implicit measures
Name Letter Task / effect
Coopersmith Inventory
"uses a 50-question battery over a variety of topics and asks subjects whether they rate someone as similar or dissimilar to themselves.[27] If a subject's answers demonstrate solid self-regard, the scale regards them as well adjusted. If those answers reveal some inner shame, it considers them to be prone to social deviance.[28]"
Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSES)
Example [Source]

Please read each statement and record a number 0, 1, 2 or 3 which indicates how much the statement applied to you over the past two weeks. There are no right or wrong answers. Do not spend too much time on any one statement. This assessment is not intended to be a diagnosis. If you are concerned about your results in any way, please speak with a qualified health professional.


0 = Strongly disagree 1 = Disagree 2 = Agree 3 = Strongly agree


1 I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others

2 I feel that I have a number of good qualities


...


For items marked with an (R), reverse the scoring (for example, 0 = 3, 1 = 2, 2 = 1, 3 = 0). For those items without an (R) next to them, simply add the score. Typical scores on the Rosenberg scale are around 22, with most people scoring between 15 and 25. A score of less than 15 suggests low self-esteem may be an issue. Remember that this assessment is just for information, it is not a diagnosis.

Evaluation

"a score less than 15 may indicate a problematic low self esteem"

For items marked with an (R), reverse the scoring (for example, 0 = 3, 1 = 2, 2 = 1, 3 = 0). For those items without an (R) next to them, simply add the score. Typical scores on the Rosenberg scale are around 22, with most people scoring between 15 and 25. A score of less than 15 suggests low self-esteem may be an issue. Remember that this assessment is just for information, it is not a diagnosis.

Items

10 At times I think that I am no good at all (R)

9 I certainly feel useless at times (R)

8 I wish I could have more respect for myself (R)

7 On the whole, I am satisfied with myself

6 I take a positive attitude toward myself

5 - I feel I do not have much to be proud of (R)

4 - I am able to do things as well as most people

3 - All in all, I am inclined to feel that I am a failure (R)

2 - I feel that I have a number of good qualities

1 - I feel that I am a person of worth, at least on an equal plane with others

Terminology

esteem
Respekt, Achtung
= respect and admiration

respect...

Selbstwertgefühl, Selbstachtung
auch: Selbstbewusstsein
discriminate self-worth and self-esteem

Definition

implicit self-esteem
explicit self-esteem
"a confidence and satisfaction in oneself"

Literature

Martín-Albo J, Núñiez JL, Navarro JG, Grijalvo F. The Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale: translation and validation in university students. Span J Psychol. 2007 Nov;10(2):458-67. doi: 10.1017/s1138741600006727. PMID: 17992972.
Blascovich, Jim and Joseph Tomaka. 1993. "Measures of Self-Esteem." Pp. 115–160 in J.P. Robinson, P.R. Shaver, and L.S. Wrightsman (eds.), Measures of Personality and Social Psychological Attitudes. Third Edition. Ann Arbor: Institute for Social Research.
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