Chemistry: Preparation of Salts

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Chemistry: Preparation of Salts

Precipitation

Mix two aqueous solutions together to form the insoluble salt.

Use when salt is insoluble.

Acids Reacting With Bases

Acid + Bases --> Salt and Water

2HNO3 + Ca(OH)2 ---> Ca(NO3)2 + 2H2O

CH3COOH + NaOH ---> NaOOCCH3 + H2O

H2SO4 + 2KOH ---> K2SO4 + 2H2O

HCl + NaOH ---> NaCl + H2O

Acids Reacting With Metal Oxides

Acid + Metal Oxide --> Salt + Water

H2SO4 + CuO ---> CuSO4 + H2O

3HCl + Fe2O3 ---> FeCl3 + 3H2O

Titration

Mix two aqueous solutions of known volume together (for complete reaction) to form the soluble salt. Usually between an acid and a base

HCl(aq) + NaOH(aq) → NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Titrate acid & base (with indicator) Determine exact quantities that will completely neutralise the acid & alkali. Titrate acid & base again (without indicator) Salt formed can then be crystallised out in pure form.

Used when acid is soluble and if the substance being added to the acid is soluble.

Acids Reacting With Metals

EXAMPLES:

Acid + Metal --> Metal Salt + Hydrogen

2HCl + Ca → CaCl2 + H2

H2SO4 + Mg ---> MgSO4 + H2

Acids Reacting With Carbonates

Acid + Carbonate --> Salt + Carbon Dioxide + Water

2HCl + CaCO3 ---> CaCl2 + CO2 + H2O

H2SO4 + CaCO3 ---> CaSO4 + CO2 + H2O

2HNO3 + Na2CO3 ---> 2NaNO3 + CO2 + H2O