Категории: Все - osmosis - solubility - concentration - solvent

по Siti Zahrah 5 лет назад

2009

Properties Of Solution

Solutions are homogeneous mixtures consisting of solutes dissolved in solvents. The concentration of these solutions can be measured in various ways, including molality, molarity, and parts per million (

Properties Of Solution

Properties Of Solution

Colligative Properties

Osmotic Pressure [pressure to stop osmosis]
Subtopic
Low solute concentration => High solute concentration
Freezing Point Depression
Boiling Point Elevation
Vapour Pressure
2 compound system

P(total)= XP + XP

Raoult's Law [ideal solution]

P(solution) = X(solvent)P*(solvent)

Expressing Concentration

Molality (m) = moles of solute kilograms of solvent
Molarity (M) = moles of solute liters solution
ppb = mass of component in solution x 109 total mass of solution
ppm = mass of component in solution X 106 total mass of solution
Mole Fraction, X XA = nA nA + nB +nC
Mass% = mole component in solution x 100 total mole of solution

Factors Affecting Solubility

Solid - Liquid Solution
Qsp < Ksp [no precipitate form]
Qsp > Ksp [precipitate form]
Ksp= [A]^m * [B]^n
Hydration [solute surrounded by water molecules]
Solvation [molecules solvent surround molecules solute]
Liquid - Liquid Solution
Immiscible [form 2 layers]
Miscible [mix completely]
Attractive force between substances
Gas - Liquid Solution [constant T]
S(gas)= k(henry's law)* P(gas)
Temperature
Gaseous - Water [Higher T, Lower S]
Solid - Water [Higher T, Higher S]
Pressure, P [Gas - Liquid System]
Higher P, Higher S
Solute - Solvent Interactions
Stronger attraction, Higher S

Introduction

Types of solution
Supersaturated
Saturated
Unsaturated
Solution [Homogenoues mixture]
Solute [Dissolved susbtance]
Solvent [Gaseous , Liquid]
Solubility, S
Max amt. solute that dissolves in a given amt. of solvent.