Three Ways to Categorize Language Learning Strategies
Rubin's (1987) Classification of Language Learning Strategies
Social Strategies
Communication Strategies
Learning Strategies
MetaCognitive Learning Strategies
Self-management
Setting goals
Prioritising
Planning
Cognitive Learning Strategies
Monitoring
Memorization
Practice
Deductive Reasoning
Guessing/Inductive Inferencing
Clarification/Verification
O'Malley's (1985) Classification of Language Learning Strategies
Socioaffective
Cognitive
Oxford (1990) - Strategy for Language Learning
Indirect
Social
empathising with others
cooperating with others
asking questions
Affective
taking your emotional temperature
encouraging yourself
lowering your anxiety
Metacognitive
evaluating your learning
arranging and planning your learning
Centering your learning
Direct
Compensation Strategies
Overcoming limitations in speaking and writing
Guessing intelligently
Cognitive Strategies
Creating structure for input and output
Analysing and reasoning
Receiving and sending messages strategies
Practising
Memory Strategies
Employing Action
Reviewing Well
Applying images and sounds
Creating Mental Linkages
