Biomechanics

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Biomechanics

Conservation of angular momentum

Example: when an ice skater spins in a circle, inertia decrease and angular velocity increases to maintain angular momentum

angular momentum is constant when an athlete or object is free in the air

Production of angular motion

Example: in tennis, a player rotates their body to allow for a better swing of the raucquet

angular motion is produced by the application of force acting at some distance from an axis/torque

also known as Torque

Direction of applied force

Example: when a person is pushing a box, the box will move in the opposite direction of the person

movement occurs in the direction opposite of the applied force

Impulse

Example: a golf swing is also an example of impulse

the greater the applied impulse, the greater the increase in velocity

Velocity

Example: in golf, a person rotates their body starting from their legs all the way to their shoulders to increase velocity of their swing

The production of maximum velocity requires the use of joints in order from largest to smallest

Force

Example: a sprinter uses their entire body to increase their speed

the production of maximum force requires the use of all the joints that can be used

Stability increases with

Example: a wrestler tends to lower their centre of gravity by bending their legs to increase stability

greater mass

closer line of gravity to the centre of the base support

larger base of support

lower centre of gravity

Levers

Third class lever: fulcrum and load are at opposite ends with the force applied in the middle

Second class lever: the fulcrum and the force are at opposite ends with the load in the middle

First class lever: the fulcrum is between the force and the load

Newton's Laws

Newton's third law: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction

Newton's second law: Acceleration is produced when a force acts on a mass. The greater the mass (of the object being accelerated) the greater the amount of force needed (to accelerate the object).

Newton's first law: An object at rest will remain at rest unless acted on by an unbalanced force. An object in motion continues in motion with the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an unbalanced force. This law is often called "the law of inertia".